Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions
The nature of the plankton symbioses between ciliates and diatoms has been investigated from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. The obligate symbioses of the diatoms Chaetoceros dadayi or C. tetrastichon with the tintinnid Eutintinnus spp., and Chaetoceros coarc...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2673-1924/1/3/10/ 2023-08-20T04:09:49+02:00 Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions Fernando Gómez agris 2020-07-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Oceans; Volume 1; Issue 3; Pages: 133-155 commensalism epibiotic consortia tintinnid peritrich ciliate phoresy epibiosis Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 2023-07-31T23:49:22Z The nature of the plankton symbioses between ciliates and diatoms has been investigated from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. The obligate symbioses of the diatoms Chaetoceros dadayi or C. tetrastichon with the tintinnid Eutintinnus spp., and Chaetoceros coarctatus with the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica are the most widespread, and the consortium of Chaetoceros densus and Vorticella sp. have been rediscovered. Facultative symbioses between Eutintinnus lususundae and Chaetoceros peruvianus, Hemiaulus spp., and Thalassionema sp. are less frequent, often containing three or four partners because Hemiaulus can also harbor the diazotrophic cyanobacteria Richelia intracellularis. Another three-partner consortium is the peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium pelagicum, ectobiont bacteria, and the diatom Licmophora sp. The predominantly oligotrophic conditions of tropical seas do not favor the survival of large diatoms, but large species of Coscinodiscus and Palmerina in facultative symbiosis with Pseudovorticella coscinodisci have a competitive advantage over other diatoms (i.e., reduction of sinking speed and diffusive boundary layer). Symbioses allow sessile peritric ciliates to extend their distribution in the pelagic environment, permit boreal-polar related diatoms such as C. coarctatus or Fragilariopsis doliolus to inhabit tropical seas, and help large diatoms to extend their survival under unfavorable conditions. Text South Atlantic Ocean MDPI Open Access Publishing Oceans 1 3 133 155 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
commensalism epibiotic consortia tintinnid peritrich ciliate phoresy epibiosis |
spellingShingle |
commensalism epibiotic consortia tintinnid peritrich ciliate phoresy epibiosis Fernando Gómez Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
topic_facet |
commensalism epibiotic consortia tintinnid peritrich ciliate phoresy epibiosis |
description |
The nature of the plankton symbioses between ciliates and diatoms has been investigated from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. The obligate symbioses of the diatoms Chaetoceros dadayi or C. tetrastichon with the tintinnid Eutintinnus spp., and Chaetoceros coarctatus with the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica are the most widespread, and the consortium of Chaetoceros densus and Vorticella sp. have been rediscovered. Facultative symbioses between Eutintinnus lususundae and Chaetoceros peruvianus, Hemiaulus spp., and Thalassionema sp. are less frequent, often containing three or four partners because Hemiaulus can also harbor the diazotrophic cyanobacteria Richelia intracellularis. Another three-partner consortium is the peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium pelagicum, ectobiont bacteria, and the diatom Licmophora sp. The predominantly oligotrophic conditions of tropical seas do not favor the survival of large diatoms, but large species of Coscinodiscus and Palmerina in facultative symbiosis with Pseudovorticella coscinodisci have a competitive advantage over other diatoms (i.e., reduction of sinking speed and diffusive boundary layer). Symbioses allow sessile peritric ciliates to extend their distribution in the pelagic environment, permit boreal-polar related diatoms such as C. coarctatus or Fragilariopsis doliolus to inhabit tropical seas, and help large diatoms to extend their survival under unfavorable conditions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Fernando Gómez |
author_facet |
Fernando Gómez |
author_sort |
Fernando Gómez |
title |
Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
title_short |
Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
title_full |
Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
title_fullStr |
Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Symbioses of Ciliates (Ciliophora) and Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae): Taxonomy and Host–Symbiont Interactions |
title_sort |
symbioses of ciliates (ciliophora) and diatoms (bacillariophyceae): taxonomy and host–symbiont interactions |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
South Atlantic Ocean |
genre_facet |
South Atlantic Ocean |
op_source |
Oceans; Volume 1; Issue 3; Pages: 133-155 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans1030010 |
container_title |
Oceans |
container_volume |
1 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
133 |
op_container_end_page |
155 |
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