Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords
The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elemen...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2304-8158/9/9/1162/ 2023-08-20T04:08:44+02:00 Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords Martin Wiech Marta Silva Sonnich Meier Jojo Tibon Marc H. G. Berntssen Arne Duinker Monica Sanden agris 2020-08-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Foods; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 1162 mesopelagic contaminants undesirables trace elements arsenic fluoride organic pollutants wax esters Benthosema glaciale Maurolicus muelleri Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 2023-07-31T23:58:21Z The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass. Text Northern krill MDPI Open Access Publishing Foods 9 9 1162 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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language |
English |
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mesopelagic contaminants undesirables trace elements arsenic fluoride organic pollutants wax esters Benthosema glaciale Maurolicus muelleri |
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mesopelagic contaminants undesirables trace elements arsenic fluoride organic pollutants wax esters Benthosema glaciale Maurolicus muelleri Martin Wiech Marta Silva Sonnich Meier Jojo Tibon Marc H. G. Berntssen Arne Duinker Monica Sanden Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
topic_facet |
mesopelagic contaminants undesirables trace elements arsenic fluoride organic pollutants wax esters Benthosema glaciale Maurolicus muelleri |
description |
The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass. |
format |
Text |
author |
Martin Wiech Marta Silva Sonnich Meier Jojo Tibon Marc H. G. Berntssen Arne Duinker Monica Sanden |
author_facet |
Martin Wiech Marta Silva Sonnich Meier Jojo Tibon Marc H. G. Berntssen Arne Duinker Monica Sanden |
author_sort |
Martin Wiech |
title |
Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
title_short |
Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
title_full |
Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
title_fullStr |
Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
title_full_unstemmed |
Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords |
title_sort |
undesirables in mesopelagic species and implications for food and feed safety—insights from norwegian fjords |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Northern krill |
genre_facet |
Northern krill |
op_source |
Foods; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 1162 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091162 |
container_title |
Foods |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1162 |
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