The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis
Several studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively no...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2225-1154/10/5/63/ 2023-08-20T04:08:13+02:00 The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang agris 2022-05-05 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Climate; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 63 climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 2023-08-01T04:57:23Z Several studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively novel high-resolution Lead–lag (LL) method to identify short time windows with persistent LL relations in the three series during the period from 1947 to 2020. We find that there are roughly 20-year time windows where LL relations change direction at both interannual, high-frequency and multidecadal, low-frequency timescales. However, with varying LL strength, the AMO leads AMOC for the full period at the interannual timescale. During the period from 1980 to 2000, we had the sequence NAO→AMO→AMOC→NAO at the interannual timescale. For the full period in the decadal time scale, we obtain NAO→AMO→AMOC. The Ekman variability closely follows the NAO variability. Both single time series and the LL relation between pairs of series show pseudo-oscillating patterns with cycle periods of about 20 years. We list possible mechanisms that contribute to the cyclic behavior, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found. Text North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation MDPI Open Access Publishing Climate 10 5 63 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations |
spellingShingle |
climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
topic_facet |
climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations |
description |
Several studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively novel high-resolution Lead–lag (LL) method to identify short time windows with persistent LL relations in the three series during the period from 1947 to 2020. We find that there are roughly 20-year time windows where LL relations change direction at both interannual, high-frequency and multidecadal, low-frequency timescales. However, with varying LL strength, the AMO leads AMOC for the full period at the interannual timescale. During the period from 1980 to 2000, we had the sequence NAO→AMO→AMOC→NAO at the interannual timescale. For the full period in the decadal time scale, we obtain NAO→AMO→AMOC. The Ekman variability closely follows the NAO variability. Both single time series and the LL relation between pairs of series show pseudo-oscillating patterns with cycle periods of about 20 years. We list possible mechanisms that contribute to the cyclic behavior, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found. |
format |
Text |
author |
Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang |
author_facet |
Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang |
author_sort |
Knut Lehre Seip |
title |
The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
title_short |
The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
title_full |
The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
title_fullStr |
The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
title_sort |
north atlantic oscillations: lead–lag relations for the nao, the amo, and the amoc—a high-resolution lead–lag analysis |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Climate; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 63 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10050063 |
container_title |
Climate |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
63 |
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1774720369583718400 |