Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses
Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting, sometimes limiting, conditions of temperature and salinity. An array of adaptations to survive these and other challen...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 |
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-7737/2/2/603/ 2023-08-20T04:09:40+02:00 Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses Marcela Ewert Jody Deming agris 2013-03-28 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Biology; Volume 2; Issue 2; Pages: 603-628 sea ice bacteria extracellular polymeric substances halophiles Text 2013 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 2023-07-31T20:32:05Z Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting, sometimes limiting, conditions of temperature and salinity. An array of adaptations to survive these and other challenges has been acquired by those organisms that inhabit the ice. One key adaptive response is the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which play multiple roles in the entrapment, retention and survival of microorganisms in sea ice. In this concept paper we consider two main areas of sea-ice microbiology: the physico-chemical properties that define sea ice as a microbial habitat, imparting particular advantages and limits; and extracellular responses elicited in microbial inhabitants as they exploit or survive these conditions. Emphasis is placed on protective strategies used in the face of fluctuating and extreme environmental conditions in sea ice. Gaps in knowledge and testable hypotheses are identified for future research. Text Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Biology 2 2 603 628 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
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sea ice bacteria extracellular polymeric substances halophiles |
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sea ice bacteria extracellular polymeric substances halophiles Marcela Ewert Jody Deming Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
topic_facet |
sea ice bacteria extracellular polymeric substances halophiles |
description |
Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting, sometimes limiting, conditions of temperature and salinity. An array of adaptations to survive these and other challenges has been acquired by those organisms that inhabit the ice. One key adaptive response is the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which play multiple roles in the entrapment, retention and survival of microorganisms in sea ice. In this concept paper we consider two main areas of sea-ice microbiology: the physico-chemical properties that define sea ice as a microbial habitat, imparting particular advantages and limits; and extracellular responses elicited in microbial inhabitants as they exploit or survive these conditions. Emphasis is placed on protective strategies used in the face of fluctuating and extreme environmental conditions in sea ice. Gaps in knowledge and testable hypotheses are identified for future research. |
format |
Text |
author |
Marcela Ewert Jody Deming |
author_facet |
Marcela Ewert Jody Deming |
author_sort |
Marcela Ewert |
title |
Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
title_short |
Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
title_full |
Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
title_fullStr |
Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea Ice Microorganisms: Environmental Constraints and Extracellular Responses |
title_sort |
sea ice microorganisms: environmental constraints and extracellular responses |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Biology; Volume 2; Issue 2; Pages: 603-628 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2020603 |
container_title |
Biology |
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2 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
603 |
op_container_end_page |
628 |
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1774723284693155840 |