Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Freshwater components in the Southern Ocean, whether sea ice meltwater or meteoric water, influence the growth of phytoplankton by affecting water stability and supplying dissolved iron (DFe). In addition, melting sea ice stimulates phytoplankton blooms by providing ice algae. In this study, sea ice...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-7737/11/12/1760/ 2023-08-20T03:59:34+02:00 Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica Bo Wang Lingfang Fan Minfang Zheng Yusheng Qiu Min Chen agris 2022-12-04 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ecology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Biology; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 1760 Fe uptake carbon fixation sea ice meltwater meteoric water Amundsen Sea Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 2023-08-01T07:38:41Z Freshwater components in the Southern Ocean, whether sea ice meltwater or meteoric water, influence the growth of phytoplankton by affecting water stability and supplying dissolved iron (DFe). In addition, melting sea ice stimulates phytoplankton blooms by providing ice algae. In this study, sea ice meltwater and meteoric water in the Amundsen Sea (AS) were differentiated by their stable oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O), while the phytoplankton carbon fixation rate (CFR) and iron uptake rate (FeUR) values were determined using the 14C and 55Fe tracer assays, respectively. Our results showed that FeUR exhibits a significant positive response only to sea ice meltwater, suggesting that DFe and algae provided by sea ice melting may be the main cause. In addition, the CFR had a slightly positive response to the freshwater input and a stronger correlation with the phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that the freshwater input may have enhanced the CFR through the algae released from sea ice melting. The FeUR normalized to the phytoplankton biomass was significantly positively correlated with the mixed layer depth, suggesting that water stability regulates the phytoplankton growth and the resulting Fe demand. A higher Fe demand per unit of carbon fixation during sea ice formation leads to a higher Fe/C ratio in phytoplankton. Although no significant correlations were observed between the FeUR, CFR, and meteoric water, meteoric water may have an effect on larger phytoplankton sensitive to Fe deficiencies. The results of culture experiments with DFe addition showed that the added Fe significantly enhanced the Fe uptake, carbon fixation, and Fe/C ratio of the cells, especially for micro-phytoplankton. The more pronounced response of micro-phytoplankton means that the meteoric water input may affect the efficiency of carbon export. Our study provides the first measurements of phytoplankton Fe quotas in the AS in austral late summer and early autumn, providing insights into how meteoric water and sea ice meltwater affect ... Text Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean MDPI Open Access Publishing Amundsen Sea Austral Southern Ocean Biology 11 12 1760 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Fe uptake carbon fixation sea ice meltwater meteoric water Amundsen Sea |
spellingShingle |
Fe uptake carbon fixation sea ice meltwater meteoric water Amundsen Sea Bo Wang Lingfang Fan Minfang Zheng Yusheng Qiu Min Chen Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Fe uptake carbon fixation sea ice meltwater meteoric water Amundsen Sea |
description |
Freshwater components in the Southern Ocean, whether sea ice meltwater or meteoric water, influence the growth of phytoplankton by affecting water stability and supplying dissolved iron (DFe). In addition, melting sea ice stimulates phytoplankton blooms by providing ice algae. In this study, sea ice meltwater and meteoric water in the Amundsen Sea (AS) were differentiated by their stable oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O), while the phytoplankton carbon fixation rate (CFR) and iron uptake rate (FeUR) values were determined using the 14C and 55Fe tracer assays, respectively. Our results showed that FeUR exhibits a significant positive response only to sea ice meltwater, suggesting that DFe and algae provided by sea ice melting may be the main cause. In addition, the CFR had a slightly positive response to the freshwater input and a stronger correlation with the phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that the freshwater input may have enhanced the CFR through the algae released from sea ice melting. The FeUR normalized to the phytoplankton biomass was significantly positively correlated with the mixed layer depth, suggesting that water stability regulates the phytoplankton growth and the resulting Fe demand. A higher Fe demand per unit of carbon fixation during sea ice formation leads to a higher Fe/C ratio in phytoplankton. Although no significant correlations were observed between the FeUR, CFR, and meteoric water, meteoric water may have an effect on larger phytoplankton sensitive to Fe deficiencies. The results of culture experiments with DFe addition showed that the added Fe significantly enhanced the Fe uptake, carbon fixation, and Fe/C ratio of the cells, especially for micro-phytoplankton. The more pronounced response of micro-phytoplankton means that the meteoric water input may affect the efficiency of carbon export. Our study provides the first measurements of phytoplankton Fe quotas in the AS in austral late summer and early autumn, providing insights into how meteoric water and sea ice meltwater affect ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Bo Wang Lingfang Fan Minfang Zheng Yusheng Qiu Min Chen |
author_facet |
Bo Wang Lingfang Fan Minfang Zheng Yusheng Qiu Min Chen |
author_sort |
Bo Wang |
title |
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
title_short |
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
title_full |
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
title_sort |
carbon and iron uptake by phytoplankton in the amundsen sea, antarctica |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Amundsen Sea Austral Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Amundsen Sea Austral Southern Ocean |
genre |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Biology; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 1760 |
op_relation |
Ecology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121760 |
container_title |
Biology |
container_volume |
11 |
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12 |
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1760 |
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