Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets
The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was once distributed in southern United States and northern Mexico. It is an endangered subspecies detached from the gray wolf, and likely exemplifies one of the original migration waves of C. lupus into the new world. This is a canine whose individuals survive...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-7737/10/7/637/ 2023-08-20T04:05:46+02:00 Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets Sergio I. Barraza-Guerrero César A. Meza-Herrera Cristina García-De la Peña Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez Felipe Vaca-Paniagua Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez Irene Pacheco-Torres Mónica A. Valdez-Solana Quetzaly K. Siller-Rodríguez Luis M. Valenzuela-Núñez Juan C. Herrera-Salazar agris 2021-07-09 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Microbiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Biology; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 637 microbiota wolf Michilia Ocotal diet conservation Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 2023-08-01T02:09:03Z The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was once distributed in southern United States and northern Mexico. It is an endangered subspecies detached from the gray wolf, and likely exemplifies one of the original migration waves of C. lupus into the new world. This is a canine whose individuals survive in specialized facilities, zoos, and museums as part of captive-breeding programs. In order to contribute to the improvement of the management of this species and favor its long-term conservation in Mexico, we aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of the fecal bacterial microbiota in two populations exposed to different types of diet: (1) Michilia (23° N, 104° W); kibble daily and raw meat sporadically, and (2) Ocotal (19° N, 99° W); raw meat daily and live animals periodically. Next generation sequencing (V3-V4 16S rRNA gene) by Illumina was implemented. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in Michilia resulted in 9 phyla, 19 classes, 34 orders, 61 families, 204 genera, and 316 species, while in Ocotal there were 12 phyla, 24 classes, 37 orders, 69 families, 232 genera, and 379 species. Higher estimated Chao1 richness, Shannon diversity, and core microbiota were observed in Ocotal. Differences (p < 0.05) between populations occurred according to the Bray–Curtis beta diversity index. In the Michilia, dominance of bacteria that degrade carbohydrates (Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Clostrodium, Eisenbergiella, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus) was observed; they are abundant in kibble diets. In contrast, the Ocotal microbiota was dominated by protein-degrading bacteria (Fusobacteria, Fusobacteriaceae, and Fusobacteria), indicating a possible positive relation with a raw meat diet. The information generated in this study is fundamental to support the implementation of better management plans in the two populations considered here, as well as in different facilities of southern United States and Mexico, where this subspecies is kept in captivity for conservation purposes. Text Canis lupus gray wolf MDPI Open Access Publishing Bray ENVELOPE(-114.067,-114.067,-74.833,-74.833) Biology 10 7 637 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
microbiota wolf Michilia Ocotal diet conservation |
spellingShingle |
microbiota wolf Michilia Ocotal diet conservation Sergio I. Barraza-Guerrero César A. Meza-Herrera Cristina García-De la Peña Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez Felipe Vaca-Paniagua Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez Irene Pacheco-Torres Mónica A. Valdez-Solana Quetzaly K. Siller-Rodríguez Luis M. Valenzuela-Núñez Juan C. Herrera-Salazar Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
topic_facet |
microbiota wolf Michilia Ocotal diet conservation |
description |
The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was once distributed in southern United States and northern Mexico. It is an endangered subspecies detached from the gray wolf, and likely exemplifies one of the original migration waves of C. lupus into the new world. This is a canine whose individuals survive in specialized facilities, zoos, and museums as part of captive-breeding programs. In order to contribute to the improvement of the management of this species and favor its long-term conservation in Mexico, we aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of the fecal bacterial microbiota in two populations exposed to different types of diet: (1) Michilia (23° N, 104° W); kibble daily and raw meat sporadically, and (2) Ocotal (19° N, 99° W); raw meat daily and live animals periodically. Next generation sequencing (V3-V4 16S rRNA gene) by Illumina was implemented. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in Michilia resulted in 9 phyla, 19 classes, 34 orders, 61 families, 204 genera, and 316 species, while in Ocotal there were 12 phyla, 24 classes, 37 orders, 69 families, 232 genera, and 379 species. Higher estimated Chao1 richness, Shannon diversity, and core microbiota were observed in Ocotal. Differences (p < 0.05) between populations occurred according to the Bray–Curtis beta diversity index. In the Michilia, dominance of bacteria that degrade carbohydrates (Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Clostrodium, Eisenbergiella, Romboutsia, and Ruminococcus) was observed; they are abundant in kibble diets. In contrast, the Ocotal microbiota was dominated by protein-degrading bacteria (Fusobacteria, Fusobacteriaceae, and Fusobacteria), indicating a possible positive relation with a raw meat diet. The information generated in this study is fundamental to support the implementation of better management plans in the two populations considered here, as well as in different facilities of southern United States and Mexico, where this subspecies is kept in captivity for conservation purposes. |
format |
Text |
author |
Sergio I. Barraza-Guerrero César A. Meza-Herrera Cristina García-De la Peña Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez Felipe Vaca-Paniagua Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez Irene Pacheco-Torres Mónica A. Valdez-Solana Quetzaly K. Siller-Rodríguez Luis M. Valenzuela-Núñez Juan C. Herrera-Salazar |
author_facet |
Sergio I. Barraza-Guerrero César A. Meza-Herrera Cristina García-De la Peña Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez Felipe Vaca-Paniagua Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez Irene Pacheco-Torres Mónica A. Valdez-Solana Quetzaly K. Siller-Rodríguez Luis M. Valenzuela-Núñez Juan C. Herrera-Salazar |
author_sort |
Sergio I. Barraza-Guerrero |
title |
Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
title_short |
Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
title_full |
Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
title_fullStr |
Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unveiling the Fecal Microbiota in Two Captive Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Populations Receiving Different Type of Diets |
title_sort |
unveiling the fecal microbiota in two captive mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi) populations receiving different type of diets |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-114.067,-114.067,-74.833,-74.833) |
geographic |
Bray |
geographic_facet |
Bray |
genre |
Canis lupus gray wolf |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus gray wolf |
op_source |
Biology; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 637 |
op_relation |
Microbiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070637 |
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Biology |
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10 |
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7 |
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637 |
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