Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic
Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hyd...
Published in: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/9/6/646/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/9/6/646/ 2023-08-20T04:06:28+02:00 Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias agris 2021-06-10 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Engineering https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 9; Issue 6; Pages: 646 geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 2023-08-01T01:55:37Z Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hydrophone and/or as particle velocity of the seabed using a seismometer. This study estimates source levels of 20 Hz fin whale notes recorded simultaneously in these two OBS channels and in two areas of the North Atlantic (Azores and southwest Portugal). It also discusses factors contributing to the variability of the estimates, namely geographical (deployment areas), instrumental (recording channels and sample size), and temporal factors (month of detected notes, inter-note interval, and diving duration). The average source level was 196.9 dB re 1 µPa m for the seismometer (derived from particle velocity measurements) and 186.7 dB re 1 µPa m for the hydrophone. Variability was associated with sample size, instrumental characteristics, acoustic propagation, and month of recordings. Source level estimates were very consistent throughout sequences, and there was no indication of geographical differences. Understanding what causes variation in animal sound source levels provides insights into the function of sounds and helps to assess the potential effects of increasing anthropogenic noise. Text Fin whale North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9 6 646 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication |
spellingShingle |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication |
description |
Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hydrophone and/or as particle velocity of the seabed using a seismometer. This study estimates source levels of 20 Hz fin whale notes recorded simultaneously in these two OBS channels and in two areas of the North Atlantic (Azores and southwest Portugal). It also discusses factors contributing to the variability of the estimates, namely geographical (deployment areas), instrumental (recording channels and sample size), and temporal factors (month of detected notes, inter-note interval, and diving duration). The average source level was 196.9 dB re 1 µPa m for the seismometer (derived from particle velocity measurements) and 186.7 dB re 1 µPa m for the hydrophone. Variability was associated with sample size, instrumental characteristics, acoustic propagation, and month of recordings. Source level estimates were very consistent throughout sequences, and there was no indication of geographical differences. Understanding what causes variation in animal sound source levels provides insights into the function of sounds and helps to assess the potential effects of increasing anthropogenic noise. |
format |
Text |
author |
Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias |
author_facet |
Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias |
author_sort |
Andreia Pereira |
title |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
source levels of 20 hz fin whale notes measured as sound pressure and particle velocity from ocean-bottom seismometers in the north atlantic |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Fin whale North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Fin whale North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 9; Issue 6; Pages: 646 |
op_relation |
Ocean Engineering https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
646 |
_version_ |
1774717525680979968 |