Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter
East-Asia winter cooling and the associated atmospheric and oceanic influences were investigated based on the wintertime daily temperature and circulation fields during 1950–2020. Both the case study on the 2020/2021 cold surge and the large-sample clustering in the recent 71 winters extracted simil...
Published in: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/10/8/1103/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/10/8/1103/ 2023-08-20T04:05:02+02:00 Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter Xiaoyu Tan Linhao Zhong Lin Mu Zhaohui Gong agris 2022-08-11 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Physical Oceanography https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 1103 East-Asia cold surge tropical ocean sea-ice melting synergy effect Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 2023-08-01T06:02:59Z East-Asia winter cooling and the associated atmospheric and oceanic influences were investigated based on the wintertime daily temperature and circulation fields during 1950–2020. Both the case study on the 2020/2021 cold surge and the large-sample clustering in the recent 71 winters extracted similar circulation signatures for East-Asia cooling, which are featured by the blocking-related anticyclonic circulation in North Eurasia, large-scale mid-to-high-latitude wave trains, decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical Pacific, and the sea-ice cover (SIC) reduction in the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS). From the joint clustering of Eurasian circulation and temperature, two circulation modes that have a cooling effect on East Asia account for 41% of winter days. One of the two modes is characterized by the cyclonic circulation over Northeast Asia coupled with a southward-extending negative-phase Arctic Oscillation (AO−), whose cooling effect is mainly concentrated in central Siberia. The other cooling mode, featuring an anticyclonic circulation over the Urals and AO+ in middle-to-high latitudes, has a relatively stronger cooling effect on lower latitudes, including Mongolia and North China. In general, the occurrences of the mode with warming/cooling effect on East Asia show an overall downward/upward trend. The two cooling modes are significantly influenced by the La Niña-type SST anomaly and reduced SIC in BKS through large-scale wave trains, of which the tropical oceanic forcing mainly acts as a climatic background. Furthermore, the polar forcing is more tightly bound to internal atmospheric variability. Therefore, the tropical SST tends to exert impact over a seasonal scale, but the SIC influence is more significant below the intraseasonal scale; moreover, the synergy between the tropical and polar oceanic forcing can increase the East-Asia cooling days by 3–4% and cold extremes by 5%, mainly through enhancing the AO-related circulation mode. Text Arctic Sea ice Siberia MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Pacific Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 8 1103 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
East-Asia cold surge tropical ocean sea-ice melting synergy effect |
spellingShingle |
East-Asia cold surge tropical ocean sea-ice melting synergy effect Xiaoyu Tan Linhao Zhong Lin Mu Zhaohui Gong Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
topic_facet |
East-Asia cold surge tropical ocean sea-ice melting synergy effect |
description |
East-Asia winter cooling and the associated atmospheric and oceanic influences were investigated based on the wintertime daily temperature and circulation fields during 1950–2020. Both the case study on the 2020/2021 cold surge and the large-sample clustering in the recent 71 winters extracted similar circulation signatures for East-Asia cooling, which are featured by the blocking-related anticyclonic circulation in North Eurasia, large-scale mid-to-high-latitude wave trains, decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical Pacific, and the sea-ice cover (SIC) reduction in the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS). From the joint clustering of Eurasian circulation and temperature, two circulation modes that have a cooling effect on East Asia account for 41% of winter days. One of the two modes is characterized by the cyclonic circulation over Northeast Asia coupled with a southward-extending negative-phase Arctic Oscillation (AO−), whose cooling effect is mainly concentrated in central Siberia. The other cooling mode, featuring an anticyclonic circulation over the Urals and AO+ in middle-to-high latitudes, has a relatively stronger cooling effect on lower latitudes, including Mongolia and North China. In general, the occurrences of the mode with warming/cooling effect on East Asia show an overall downward/upward trend. The two cooling modes are significantly influenced by the La Niña-type SST anomaly and reduced SIC in BKS through large-scale wave trains, of which the tropical oceanic forcing mainly acts as a climatic background. Furthermore, the polar forcing is more tightly bound to internal atmospheric variability. Therefore, the tropical SST tends to exert impact over a seasonal scale, but the SIC influence is more significant below the intraseasonal scale; moreover, the synergy between the tropical and polar oceanic forcing can increase the East-Asia cooling days by 3–4% and cold extremes by 5%, mainly through enhancing the AO-related circulation mode. |
format |
Text |
author |
Xiaoyu Tan Linhao Zhong Lin Mu Zhaohui Gong |
author_facet |
Xiaoyu Tan Linhao Zhong Lin Mu Zhaohui Gong |
author_sort |
Xiaoyu Tan |
title |
Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
title_short |
Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
title_full |
Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
title_fullStr |
Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tropical and Polar Oceanic Influences on the Cold Extremes in East Asia: Implications of the Cold Surges in 2020/2021 Winter |
title_sort |
tropical and polar oceanic influences on the cold extremes in east asia: implications of the cold surges in 2020/2021 winter |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice Siberia |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 1103 |
op_relation |
Physical Oceanography https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081103 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1103 |
_version_ |
1774715453322559488 |