Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current
The ship-borne observations of the temperature, salinity, pCO2 (1995–2020) and satellite geostrophic velocity fields, SST, and chlorophyll concentration are used to identify the factors that determine the spatio-temporal variability of seawater parameters on the western boundary of the subarctic Nor...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/10/11/1787/ 2023-08-20T04:05:37+02:00 Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current Andrey Andreev Irina Pipko agris 2022-11-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Chemical Oceanography https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1787 East Kamchatka Current mesoscale eddies pCO 2 subarctic North Pacific Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 2023-08-01T07:25:51Z The ship-borne observations of the temperature, salinity, pCO2 (1995–2020) and satellite geostrophic velocity fields, SST, and chlorophyll concentration are used to identify the factors that determine the spatio-temporal variability of seawater parameters on the western boundary of the subarctic North Pacific. In winter, the surface layer of the East Kamchatka Current (EKC) was characterized by two types of water: the waters with a negative temperature (−1.0–−0.5 °C) and salinity of 32.4–32.9 and waters with a positive temperature (0.4–1.7 °C) and salinity of 33.0–33.1. The source of water with negative (positive) temperature and decreased (increased) salinity for the EKC zone is the Bering Sea shelf (Aleutian Basin). The surface waters in the eastern Kamchatka area in winter were close to gas equilibrium with the atmosphere or supersaturated with carbon dioxide (pCO2 = 380–460 µatm). In summer, extremely low pCO2 values (140–220 µatm) in the surface layer of the eastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands regions have been associated with the decreased salinity (32.1–32.6) of the waters. The distributions of the temperature, salinity, and pCO2 in the surface layer of the central Kuril Islands are determined by the location and intensity of the Kuril eddies and the EKC stream jets. The water mixing in the central Kuril Straits and the Kruzenshterna Bank area leads to increased salinity (33.2–33.4) and high values of pCO2 (480–670 µatm) in the surface layer of the EKC. The comparison of the pCO2 data collected in winter demonstrates an increase in pCO2 between 1998/2001 and 2018/2020 at about 50 µatm in the surface waters with a salinity of 33.0–33.1, which is in agreement with an increase in pCO2 in the atmosphere at 46 µatm (from 368 to 414 µatm) during this period. Text Bering Sea Kamchatka Subarctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Bering Sea Kruzenshterna ENVELOPE(9.750,9.750,-71.850,-71.850) Pacific Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 11 1787 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
East Kamchatka Current mesoscale eddies pCO 2 subarctic North Pacific |
spellingShingle |
East Kamchatka Current mesoscale eddies pCO 2 subarctic North Pacific Andrey Andreev Irina Pipko Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
topic_facet |
East Kamchatka Current mesoscale eddies pCO 2 subarctic North Pacific |
description |
The ship-borne observations of the temperature, salinity, pCO2 (1995–2020) and satellite geostrophic velocity fields, SST, and chlorophyll concentration are used to identify the factors that determine the spatio-temporal variability of seawater parameters on the western boundary of the subarctic North Pacific. In winter, the surface layer of the East Kamchatka Current (EKC) was characterized by two types of water: the waters with a negative temperature (−1.0–−0.5 °C) and salinity of 32.4–32.9 and waters with a positive temperature (0.4–1.7 °C) and salinity of 33.0–33.1. The source of water with negative (positive) temperature and decreased (increased) salinity for the EKC zone is the Bering Sea shelf (Aleutian Basin). The surface waters in the eastern Kamchatka area in winter were close to gas equilibrium with the atmosphere or supersaturated with carbon dioxide (pCO2 = 380–460 µatm). In summer, extremely low pCO2 values (140–220 µatm) in the surface layer of the eastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands regions have been associated with the decreased salinity (32.1–32.6) of the waters. The distributions of the temperature, salinity, and pCO2 in the surface layer of the central Kuril Islands are determined by the location and intensity of the Kuril eddies and the EKC stream jets. The water mixing in the central Kuril Straits and the Kruzenshterna Bank area leads to increased salinity (33.2–33.4) and high values of pCO2 (480–670 µatm) in the surface layer of the EKC. The comparison of the pCO2 data collected in winter demonstrates an increase in pCO2 between 1998/2001 and 2018/2020 at about 50 µatm in the surface waters with a salinity of 33.0–33.1, which is in agreement with an increase in pCO2 in the atmosphere at 46 µatm (from 368 to 414 µatm) during this period. |
format |
Text |
author |
Andrey Andreev Irina Pipko |
author_facet |
Andrey Andreev Irina Pipko |
author_sort |
Andrey Andreev |
title |
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
title_short |
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
title_full |
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
title_fullStr |
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current |
title_sort |
water circulation, temperature, salinity, and pco2 distribution in the surface layer of the east kamchatka current |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.750,9.750,-71.850,-71.850) |
geographic |
Bering Sea Kruzenshterna Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea Kruzenshterna Pacific |
genre |
Bering Sea Kamchatka Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea Kamchatka Subarctic |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1787 |
op_relation |
Chemical Oceanography https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111787 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1787 |
_version_ |
1774716178550226944 |