Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to invest...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-1312/10/11/1592/ 2023-08-20T04:02:21+02:00 Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato agris 2022-10-28 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Marine Environmental Science https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1592 adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection reticulate evolution Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 2023-08-01T07:04:44Z Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the protein in the notothenioid fish, evolved under the selective pressure of relatively high oxygen partial pressures, characteristics of cold Antarctic seawaters, and relatively high concentrations of metal ions, Cd and Cu in particular. The cDNA sequences of MT isoforms were characterized in members of the Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae, Artedidraconidae, and Channichthyidae families. The phylogenetic relationships of MTs from these families and other teleosts were inferred by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis of coding region and untranslated (UTR) sequences indicated the presence of two MT clades, each containing one of the two MT isoforms, MT-1 and MT-2. Our results indicated, for the first time for these proteins, that the evolution of MT genes has been characterized by strong purifying selection, whereas it did not observe any evidence of positive selection. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the UTRs suggested that functional changes, in particular related to the MT-1 gene expression, had accompanied the duplication event. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 11 1592 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection reticulate evolution |
spellingShingle |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection reticulate evolution Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
topic_facet |
adaptation Antarctica fish metallothioneins negative selection positive selection reticulate evolution |
description |
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight sulfur-rich proteins, widely distributed in nature. They play a homeostatic role in the control and detoxification of metal ions. Previous studies indicated that MTs also have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the protein in the notothenioid fish, evolved under the selective pressure of relatively high oxygen partial pressures, characteristics of cold Antarctic seawaters, and relatively high concentrations of metal ions, Cd and Cu in particular. The cDNA sequences of MT isoforms were characterized in members of the Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae, Artedidraconidae, and Channichthyidae families. The phylogenetic relationships of MTs from these families and other teleosts were inferred by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis of coding region and untranslated (UTR) sequences indicated the presence of two MT clades, each containing one of the two MT isoforms, MT-1 and MT-2. Our results indicated, for the first time for these proteins, that the evolution of MT genes has been characterized by strong purifying selection, whereas it did not observe any evidence of positive selection. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the UTRs suggested that functional changes, in particular related to the MT-1 gene expression, had accompanied the duplication event. |
format |
Text |
author |
Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato |
author_facet |
Rigers Bakiu Francesco Boldrin Sara Pacchini Sophia Schumann Elisabetta Piva Anna Maria Tolomeo Diana Ferro Alessandro Grapputo Gianfranco Santovito Paola Irato |
author_sort |
Rigers Bakiu |
title |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_short |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_full |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Evolution of Metallothioneins of Antarctic Fish: A Physiological Adaptation to Peculiar Seawater Chemical Characteristics |
title_sort |
molecular evolution of metallothioneins of antarctic fish: a physiological adaptation to peculiar seawater chemical characteristics |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1592 |
op_relation |
Marine Environmental Science https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111592 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1592 |
_version_ |
1774712773744263168 |