Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization
Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be d...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2077-0375/13/8/699/ 2023-08-20T04:05:53+02:00 Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó 2023-07-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Membrane Processing and Engineering https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Membranes; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 699 electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 2023-08-01T11:02:25Z Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be done, usually by increasing the pH value above 11. This method, however, usually is based on external chemical dosing, limiting the sustainability of the process. In this work, the simultaneous recovery of urea and phosphorous from synthetic urine was aimed at by means of electrochemical pH modulation. Electrochemical cells were constructed and used for urea stabilization from synthetic urine by the in situ formation of OH- ions at the cathode. In addition, phosphorous precipitation with divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) in the course of pH elevation was studied. Electrochemical cells equipped with commercial (Fumasep FKE) and developmental (PSEBS SU) cation exchange membranes (CEM) were used in this study to carry out urea stabilization and simultaneous P-recovery at an applied current density of 60 A m−2. The urea was successfully stabilized for a long time (more than 1 month at room temperature and nearly two months at 4 °C) at a pH of 11.5. In addition, >82% P-recovery could be achieved in the form of precipitate, which was identified as amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Text Carbonic acid MDPI Open Access Publishing Membranes 13 8 699 |
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English |
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electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine |
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electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
topic_facet |
electrochemical pH modulation phosphate recovery urea stabilization urease inhibition urine |
description |
Urine is a widely available renewable source of nitrogen and phosphorous. The nitrogen in urine is present in the form of urea, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbonic acid by the urease enzymes occurring in nature. In order to efficiently recover urea, the inhibition of urease must be done, usually by increasing the pH value above 11. This method, however, usually is based on external chemical dosing, limiting the sustainability of the process. In this work, the simultaneous recovery of urea and phosphorous from synthetic urine was aimed at by means of electrochemical pH modulation. Electrochemical cells were constructed and used for urea stabilization from synthetic urine by the in situ formation of OH- ions at the cathode. In addition, phosphorous precipitation with divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) in the course of pH elevation was studied. Electrochemical cells equipped with commercial (Fumasep FKE) and developmental (PSEBS SU) cation exchange membranes (CEM) were used in this study to carry out urea stabilization and simultaneous P-recovery at an applied current density of 60 A m−2. The urea was successfully stabilized for a long time (more than 1 month at room temperature and nearly two months at 4 °C) at a pH of 11.5. In addition, >82% P-recovery could be achieved in the form of precipitate, which was identified as amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). |
format |
Text |
author |
László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó |
author_facet |
László Koók Kristóf Bence Nagy Ilona Nyirő-Kósa Szilveszter Kovács Jan Žitka Miroslav Otmar Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó |
author_sort |
László Koók |
title |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_short |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_full |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_fullStr |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simultaneous Urea and Phosphate Recovery from Synthetic Urine by Electrochemical Stabilization |
title_sort |
simultaneous urea and phosphate recovery from synthetic urine by electrochemical stabilization |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Membranes; Volume 13; Issue 8; Pages: 699 |
op_relation |
Membrane Processing and Engineering https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080699 |
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Membranes |
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13 |
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8 |
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699 |
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