Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells
Svalbard is an arctic archipelago where coal mining generates all electricity via the local coal-fired power station. Coal combustion produces a waste product in the form of particulate matter (PM) coal fly ash (CFA), derived from incombustible minerals present in the feed coal. PM ≤10 µm (diameter)...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-3417/10/23/8368/ 2023-08-20T04:03:14+02:00 Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells Matthew J. Lawson Zoe C. Prytherch Tim P. Jones Rachel A. Adams Kelly A. BéruBé agris 2020-11-25 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Environmental Sciences https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Applied Sciences; Volume 10; Issue 23; Pages: 8368 bioreactivity cytotoxicity coal fly ash particulate matter leachate iron-rich minerals Svalbard Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 2023-08-01T00:31:40Z Svalbard is an arctic archipelago where coal mining generates all electricity via the local coal-fired power station. Coal combustion produces a waste product in the form of particulate matter (PM) coal fly ash (CFA), derived from incombustible minerals present in the feed coal. PM ≤10 µm (diameter) may be “inhaled” into the human respiratory system, and particles ≤2.5 µm may enter the distal alveoli to disrupt normal pulmonary functions and trigger disease pathways. This study discovered that Svalbard CFA contained unusually high levels of iron-rich magnetic minerals that induced adverse effects upon human lungs cells. Iron is a well-characterised driver of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a driving force for cell death and disease. CFA physicochemical characterisation showed non-uniform particle morphologies indicative of coal burnt at inefficient combustion temperatures. The bioreactivity (ROS generation) of PM2.5/10 fractions was measured using plasmid scission assay (PSA, DNA damage) and haemolysis assays (erythrocyte lysis), with PM2.5 CFA showing significant bioreactivity. CFA leached in mild acid caused a significant increase in toxicity, which could occur in CFA waste-stores. The CFA and leachates were exposed to a surrogate model of human bronchial epithelia that confirmed that CFA induced apoptosis in bronchial cells. This study shows that CFA containing magnetic iron-rich minerals mediated adverse reactions in the human lung, and thus CFA should be considered to be an environmental inhalation hazard. Text Arctic Archipelago Arctic Svalbard MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Svalbard Applied Sciences 10 23 8368 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
bioreactivity cytotoxicity coal fly ash particulate matter leachate iron-rich minerals Svalbard |
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bioreactivity cytotoxicity coal fly ash particulate matter leachate iron-rich minerals Svalbard Matthew J. Lawson Zoe C. Prytherch Tim P. Jones Rachel A. Adams Kelly A. BéruBé Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
topic_facet |
bioreactivity cytotoxicity coal fly ash particulate matter leachate iron-rich minerals Svalbard |
description |
Svalbard is an arctic archipelago where coal mining generates all electricity via the local coal-fired power station. Coal combustion produces a waste product in the form of particulate matter (PM) coal fly ash (CFA), derived from incombustible minerals present in the feed coal. PM ≤10 µm (diameter) may be “inhaled” into the human respiratory system, and particles ≤2.5 µm may enter the distal alveoli to disrupt normal pulmonary functions and trigger disease pathways. This study discovered that Svalbard CFA contained unusually high levels of iron-rich magnetic minerals that induced adverse effects upon human lungs cells. Iron is a well-characterised driver of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a driving force for cell death and disease. CFA physicochemical characterisation showed non-uniform particle morphologies indicative of coal burnt at inefficient combustion temperatures. The bioreactivity (ROS generation) of PM2.5/10 fractions was measured using plasmid scission assay (PSA, DNA damage) and haemolysis assays (erythrocyte lysis), with PM2.5 CFA showing significant bioreactivity. CFA leached in mild acid caused a significant increase in toxicity, which could occur in CFA waste-stores. The CFA and leachates were exposed to a surrogate model of human bronchial epithelia that confirmed that CFA induced apoptosis in bronchial cells. This study shows that CFA containing magnetic iron-rich minerals mediated adverse reactions in the human lung, and thus CFA should be considered to be an environmental inhalation hazard. |
format |
Text |
author |
Matthew J. Lawson Zoe C. Prytherch Tim P. Jones Rachel A. Adams Kelly A. BéruBé |
author_facet |
Matthew J. Lawson Zoe C. Prytherch Tim P. Jones Rachel A. Adams Kelly A. BéruBé |
author_sort |
Matthew J. Lawson |
title |
Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
title_short |
Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
title_full |
Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
title_fullStr |
Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iron-Rich Magnetic Coal Fly Ash Particles Induce Apoptosis in Human Bronchial Cells |
title_sort |
iron-rich magnetic coal fly ash particles induce apoptosis in human bronchial cells |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Svalbard |
op_source |
Applied Sciences; Volume 10; Issue 23; Pages: 8368 |
op_relation |
Environmental Sciences https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238368 |
container_title |
Applied Sciences |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
8368 |
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1774713630861819904 |