Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alter...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-3298/9/3/39/ 2023-08-20T04:07:54+02:00 Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden Frida Isaksson Lian Lundy Annelie Hedström Anna J. Székely Nahla Mohamed agris 2022-03-19 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Environments; Volume 9; Issue 3; Pages: 39 wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 2023-08-01T04:30:27Z The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alternative normalization approaches (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flow, population size estimates (derived using total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and census data) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) on the relationship between viral wastewater data and clinical case numbers. Influent wastewater samples were collected at two WWTPs in Luleå, northern Sweden, between January and March 2021. TN and TP were determined upon sample collection, with RNA analysis undertaken on samples after one freeze–thaw cycle. The strength of the correlation between normalization approaches and clinical cases differed between WWTPs (r ≤ 0.73 or r ≥ 0.78 at the larger WWTP and r ≤ 0.23 or r ≥ 0.43 at the smaller WWTP), indicating that the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool is context-dependent. Depending on the normalization approach utilized, time-shifted analyses imply that wastewater data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA pre-dated a rise in clinical cases by 0–2 and 5–8 days, for the lager and smaller WWTPs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads normalized to the population or PMMoV better reflect the number of clinical cases when comparing wastewater data between sewer catchments. Text Luleå Luleå Luleå Northern Sweden MDPI Open Access Publishing Environments 9 3 39 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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language |
English |
topic |
wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow |
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wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow Frida Isaksson Lian Lundy Annelie Hedström Anna J. Székely Nahla Mohamed Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
topic_facet |
wastewater-based epidemiology normalization population estimates pepper mild mottle virus clinical cases infiltration inflow |
description |
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alternative normalization approaches (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flow, population size estimates (derived using total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and census data) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) on the relationship between viral wastewater data and clinical case numbers. Influent wastewater samples were collected at two WWTPs in Luleå, northern Sweden, between January and March 2021. TN and TP were determined upon sample collection, with RNA analysis undertaken on samples after one freeze–thaw cycle. The strength of the correlation between normalization approaches and clinical cases differed between WWTPs (r ≤ 0.73 or r ≥ 0.78 at the larger WWTP and r ≤ 0.23 or r ≥ 0.43 at the smaller WWTP), indicating that the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool is context-dependent. Depending on the normalization approach utilized, time-shifted analyses imply that wastewater data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA pre-dated a rise in clinical cases by 0–2 and 5–8 days, for the lager and smaller WWTPs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads normalized to the population or PMMoV better reflect the number of clinical cases when comparing wastewater data between sewer catchments. |
format |
Text |
author |
Frida Isaksson Lian Lundy Annelie Hedström Anna J. Székely Nahla Mohamed |
author_facet |
Frida Isaksson Lian Lundy Annelie Hedström Anna J. Székely Nahla Mohamed |
author_sort |
Frida Isaksson |
title |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_short |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_full |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden |
title_sort |
evaluating the use of alternative normalization approaches on sars-cov-2 concentrations in wastewater: experiences from two catchments in northern sweden |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Luleå Luleå Luleå Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Luleå Luleå Luleå Northern Sweden |
op_source |
Environments; Volume 9; Issue 3; Pages: 39 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9030039 |
container_title |
Environments |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
39 |
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