The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration
The olfactory system is constituted in a consistent way across vertebrates. Nasal structures allow water/air to enter an olfactory cavity, conveying the odorants to a sensory surface. There, the olfactory neurons form, with their axons, a sensory nerve projecting to the telencephalic zone—named the...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-2615/12/5/663/ 2023-08-20T04:01:22+02:00 The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration Stefano Aicardi Matteo Bozzo Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Beatrice Risso Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti Sara Ferrando agris 2022-03-06 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Animal Physiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Animals; Volume 12; Issue 5; Pages: 663 Antarctic silverfish olfactory rosette olfactory nerve olfactory bulb fish olfaction isotropic fractionator Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 2023-08-01T04:22:51Z The olfactory system is constituted in a consistent way across vertebrates. Nasal structures allow water/air to enter an olfactory cavity, conveying the odorants to a sensory surface. There, the olfactory neurons form, with their axons, a sensory nerve projecting to the telencephalic zone—named the olfactory bulb. This organization comes with many different arrangements, whose meaning is still a matter of debate. A morphological description of the olfactory system of many teleost species is present in the literature; nevertheless, morphological investigations rarely provide a quantitative approach that would help to provide a deeper understanding of the structures where sensory and elaborating events happen. In this study, the peripheral olfactory system of the Antarctic silverfish, which is a keystone species in coastal Antarctica ecosystems, has also been described, employing some quantitative methods. The olfactory chamber of this species is connected to accessory nasal sacs, which probably aid water movements in the chamber; thus, the head of the Antarctic silverfish is specialized to assure that the olfactory organ keeps in contact with a large volume of water—even when the fish is not actively swimming. Each olfactory organ, shaped like an asymmetric rosette, has, in adult fish, a sensory surface area of about 25 mm2, while each olfactory bulb contains about 100,000 neurons. The sensory surface area and the number of neurons in the primary olfactory brain region show that this fish invests energy in the detection and elaboration of olfactory signals and allow comparisons among different species. The mouse, for example—which is considered a macrosmatic vertebrate—has a sensory surface area of the same order of magnitude as that of the Antarctic silverfish, but ten times more neurons in the olfactory bulb. Catsharks, on the other hand, have a sensory surface area that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Antarctic silverfish, while the number of neurons has the same order of magnitude. The ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic silverfish Antarctica MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic The Antarctic Animals 12 5 663 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic silverfish olfactory rosette olfactory nerve olfactory bulb fish olfaction isotropic fractionator |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic silverfish olfactory rosette olfactory nerve olfactory bulb fish olfaction isotropic fractionator Stefano Aicardi Matteo Bozzo Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Beatrice Risso Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti Sara Ferrando The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
topic_facet |
Antarctic silverfish olfactory rosette olfactory nerve olfactory bulb fish olfaction isotropic fractionator |
description |
The olfactory system is constituted in a consistent way across vertebrates. Nasal structures allow water/air to enter an olfactory cavity, conveying the odorants to a sensory surface. There, the olfactory neurons form, with their axons, a sensory nerve projecting to the telencephalic zone—named the olfactory bulb. This organization comes with many different arrangements, whose meaning is still a matter of debate. A morphological description of the olfactory system of many teleost species is present in the literature; nevertheless, morphological investigations rarely provide a quantitative approach that would help to provide a deeper understanding of the structures where sensory and elaborating events happen. In this study, the peripheral olfactory system of the Antarctic silverfish, which is a keystone species in coastal Antarctica ecosystems, has also been described, employing some quantitative methods. The olfactory chamber of this species is connected to accessory nasal sacs, which probably aid water movements in the chamber; thus, the head of the Antarctic silverfish is specialized to assure that the olfactory organ keeps in contact with a large volume of water—even when the fish is not actively swimming. Each olfactory organ, shaped like an asymmetric rosette, has, in adult fish, a sensory surface area of about 25 mm2, while each olfactory bulb contains about 100,000 neurons. The sensory surface area and the number of neurons in the primary olfactory brain region show that this fish invests energy in the detection and elaboration of olfactory signals and allow comparisons among different species. The mouse, for example—which is considered a macrosmatic vertebrate—has a sensory surface area of the same order of magnitude as that of the Antarctic silverfish, but ten times more neurons in the olfactory bulb. Catsharks, on the other hand, have a sensory surface area that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Antarctic silverfish, while the number of neurons has the same order of magnitude. The ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Stefano Aicardi Matteo Bozzo Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Beatrice Risso Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti Sara Ferrando |
author_facet |
Stefano Aicardi Matteo Bozzo Andrea Amaroli Lorenzo Gallus Beatrice Risso Erica Carlig Davide Di Blasi Marino Vacchi Laura Ghigliotti Sara Ferrando |
author_sort |
Stefano Aicardi |
title |
The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
title_short |
The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
title_full |
The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
title_fullStr |
The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Arrangement of the Peripheral Olfactory System of Pleuragramma antarcticum: A Well-Exploited Small Sensor, an Aided Water Flow, and a Prominent Effort in Primary Signal Elaboration |
title_sort |
arrangement of the peripheral olfactory system of pleuragramma antarcticum: a well-exploited small sensor, an aided water flow, and a prominent effort in primary signal elaboration |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic silverfish Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic silverfish Antarctica |
op_source |
Animals; Volume 12; Issue 5; Pages: 663 |
op_relation |
Animal Physiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050663 |
container_title |
Animals |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
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663 |
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1774724658921209856 |