Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
The first known outbreak caused by a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) strain of genotype III in rainbow trout occurred in 2007 at a marine farm in Storfjorden, Norway. The source of the virus is unknown, and cod and other marine fish around the farms are suspected as a possible reservoir....
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-2615/11/12/3523/ 2023-08-20T04:05:09+02:00 Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Nina Sandlund Renate Johansen Ingrid U. Fiksdal Ann Cathrine B. Einen Ingebjørg Modahl Britt Gjerset Øivind Bergh agris 2021-12-10 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Aquatic Animals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Animals; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 3523 fish rhabdovirus VHSV genotype III experimental challenge farmed fish immunohistochemistry Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 2023-08-01T03:30:56Z The first known outbreak caused by a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) strain of genotype III in rainbow trout occurred in 2007 at a marine farm in Storfjorden, Norway. The source of the virus is unknown, and cod and other marine fish around the farms are suspected as a possible reservoir. The main objective of this study was to test the susceptibility of juvenile Atlantic cod to the VHSV isolate from Storfjorden. As the pathology of VHS in cod is sparsely described, an additional aim of the study was to give a histopathological description of the disease. Two separate challenge experiments were carried out, using both intra peritoneal (ip) injection and cohabitation as challenge methods. Mortality in the ip injection experiment leveled at approximately 50% three weeks post challenge. Both immunohistochemical and rRT-PCR analysis of organs sampled from diseased and surviving fish confirmed VHSV infection. No VHSV was detected in the cohabitants. The results indicate that Atlantic cod has a low natural susceptibility to this VHSV genotype III strain. One of the most extensive pathological changes was degeneration of cardiac myocytes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the lesions were related to VHSV. In some fish, the hematopoietic tissue of spleen and kidney showed degeneration and immunostaining, classical signs of VHS, as described in rainbow trout. Positive immunostaining of the capillaries of the gills, suggests this organ as a useful alternative when screening for VHSV. Text atlantic cod Gadus morhua MDPI Open Access Publishing Norway Animals 11 12 3523 |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
fish rhabdovirus VHSV genotype III experimental challenge farmed fish immunohistochemistry |
spellingShingle |
fish rhabdovirus VHSV genotype III experimental challenge farmed fish immunohistochemistry Nina Sandlund Renate Johansen Ingrid U. Fiksdal Ann Cathrine B. Einen Ingebjørg Modahl Britt Gjerset Øivind Bergh Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
topic_facet |
fish rhabdovirus VHSV genotype III experimental challenge farmed fish immunohistochemistry |
description |
The first known outbreak caused by a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) strain of genotype III in rainbow trout occurred in 2007 at a marine farm in Storfjorden, Norway. The source of the virus is unknown, and cod and other marine fish around the farms are suspected as a possible reservoir. The main objective of this study was to test the susceptibility of juvenile Atlantic cod to the VHSV isolate from Storfjorden. As the pathology of VHS in cod is sparsely described, an additional aim of the study was to give a histopathological description of the disease. Two separate challenge experiments were carried out, using both intra peritoneal (ip) injection and cohabitation as challenge methods. Mortality in the ip injection experiment leveled at approximately 50% three weeks post challenge. Both immunohistochemical and rRT-PCR analysis of organs sampled from diseased and surviving fish confirmed VHSV infection. No VHSV was detected in the cohabitants. The results indicate that Atlantic cod has a low natural susceptibility to this VHSV genotype III strain. One of the most extensive pathological changes was degeneration of cardiac myocytes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the lesions were related to VHSV. In some fish, the hematopoietic tissue of spleen and kidney showed degeneration and immunostaining, classical signs of VHS, as described in rainbow trout. Positive immunostaining of the capillaries of the gills, suggests this organ as a useful alternative when screening for VHSV. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nina Sandlund Renate Johansen Ingrid U. Fiksdal Ann Cathrine B. Einen Ingebjørg Modahl Britt Gjerset Øivind Bergh |
author_facet |
Nina Sandlund Renate Johansen Ingrid U. Fiksdal Ann Cathrine B. Einen Ingebjørg Modahl Britt Gjerset Øivind Bergh |
author_sort |
Nina Sandlund |
title |
Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
title_short |
Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
title_full |
Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
title_fullStr |
Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
title_full_unstemmed |
Susceptibility and Pathology in Juvenile Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua to a Marine Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss |
title_sort |
susceptibility and pathology in juvenile atlantic cod gadus morhua to a marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from diseased rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
Animals; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 3523 |
op_relation |
Aquatic Animals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123523 |
container_title |
Animals |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
12 |
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3523 |
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1774715640523784192 |