Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century
This study investigated gender differences in performance and participation and the role of nationality during one century in one of the largest cross-country (XC) skiing events in the world, the ‘Vasaloppet‘ in Sweden. The total number of female and male athletes who finished (n = 562,413) this rac...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-4663/7/4/86/ 2023-08-20T04:07:31+02:00 Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century Nastja Romancuk Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Elias Villiger Hamdi Chtourou Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle 2019-04-12 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sports; Volume 7; Issue 4; Pages: 86 aerobic capacity cross-country skiing nationality participation performance sex difference ultra-endurance Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 2023-07-31T22:11:26Z This study investigated gender differences in performance and participation and the role of nationality during one century in one of the largest cross-country (XC) skiing events in the world, the ‘Vasaloppet‘ in Sweden. The total number of female and male athletes who finished (n = 562,413) this race between 1922 and 2017 was considered. Most of the finishers were Swedish (81.03% of women and 88.39% of men), followed by Norwegians and Finnish. The overall men-to-women ratio was 17.5. A gender × nationality association was observed for participation (χ2 = 1,823.44, p < 0.001, ϕ = 0.057), with the men-to-women ratio ranging from 6.7 (USA) to 19.1 (Sweden). For both genders, the participation (%) of Swedish decreased, and that of all other nationalities (except Swiss) increased across years. Regarding the mean race time, men were faster than women by 14.5% (7 h 52 min 17 s versus 9 h 00 min 55 s, respectively). A trivial gender×nationality interaction regarding the race time was observed (p < 0.001, η2 < 0.001), with gender differences ranging from 4.4% (USA) to 22.0% (Iceland). The race time increased across calendar years for both women (r = 0.45, p = 0.006, moderate magnitude) and men (r = 0.25, p = 0.015, small magnitude). On the basis of these findings, we concluded that a relatively small number of women pariticipates in XC skiing. Therefore, the development of public health policies targeting the participation of women in XC skiing should be a concern in the countries with a tradition of this sport. Text Iceland MDPI Open Access Publishing Sports 7 4 86 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
aerobic capacity cross-country skiing nationality participation performance sex difference ultra-endurance |
spellingShingle |
aerobic capacity cross-country skiing nationality participation performance sex difference ultra-endurance Nastja Romancuk Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Elias Villiger Hamdi Chtourou Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
topic_facet |
aerobic capacity cross-country skiing nationality participation performance sex difference ultra-endurance |
description |
This study investigated gender differences in performance and participation and the role of nationality during one century in one of the largest cross-country (XC) skiing events in the world, the ‘Vasaloppet‘ in Sweden. The total number of female and male athletes who finished (n = 562,413) this race between 1922 and 2017 was considered. Most of the finishers were Swedish (81.03% of women and 88.39% of men), followed by Norwegians and Finnish. The overall men-to-women ratio was 17.5. A gender × nationality association was observed for participation (χ2 = 1,823.44, p < 0.001, ϕ = 0.057), with the men-to-women ratio ranging from 6.7 (USA) to 19.1 (Sweden). For both genders, the participation (%) of Swedish decreased, and that of all other nationalities (except Swiss) increased across years. Regarding the mean race time, men were faster than women by 14.5% (7 h 52 min 17 s versus 9 h 00 min 55 s, respectively). A trivial gender×nationality interaction regarding the race time was observed (p < 0.001, η2 < 0.001), with gender differences ranging from 4.4% (USA) to 22.0% (Iceland). The race time increased across calendar years for both women (r = 0.45, p = 0.006, moderate magnitude) and men (r = 0.25, p = 0.015, small magnitude). On the basis of these findings, we concluded that a relatively small number of women pariticipates in XC skiing. Therefore, the development of public health policies targeting the participation of women in XC skiing should be a concern in the countries with a tradition of this sport. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nastja Romancuk Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Elias Villiger Hamdi Chtourou Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle |
author_facet |
Nastja Romancuk Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Elias Villiger Hamdi Chtourou Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle |
author_sort |
Nastja Romancuk |
title |
Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
title_short |
Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
title_full |
Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
title_fullStr |
Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
title_full_unstemmed |
Performance and Participation in the ‘Vasaloppet’ Cross-Country Skiing Race during a Century |
title_sort |
performance and participation in the ‘vasaloppet’ cross-country skiing race during a century |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Sports; Volume 7; Issue 4; Pages: 86 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040086 |
container_title |
Sports |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
86 |
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