Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica
Freeze-tolerance, or the ability to survive internal ice formation, is relatively rare among insects. Larvae of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica are freeze-tolerant year-round, but in dry environments, the larvae can remain supercooled (i.e., unfrozen) at subzero temperatures. In previous work...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-4450/11/1/18/ 2023-08-20T04:01:02+02:00 Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica Nicholas M. Teets Emma G. Dalrymple Maya H. Hillis J. D. Gantz Drew E. Spacht Richard E. Lee David L. Denlinger agris 2019-12-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Insects; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 18 Antarctica freeze-tolerance energy stores heat shock proteins Belgica antarctica Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 2023-07-31T22:55:56Z Freeze-tolerance, or the ability to survive internal ice formation, is relatively rare among insects. Larvae of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica are freeze-tolerant year-round, but in dry environments, the larvae can remain supercooled (i.e., unfrozen) at subzero temperatures. In previous work with summer-acclimatized larvae, we showed that freezing is considerably more stressful than remaining supercooled. Here, these findings are extended by comparing survival, tissue damage, energetic costs, and stress gene expression in larvae that have undergone an artificial winter acclimation regime and are either frozen or supercooled at −5 °C. In contrast to summer larvae, winter larvae survive at −5 °C equally well for up to 14 days, whether frozen or supercooled, and there is no tissue damage at these conditions. In subsequent experiments, we measured energy stores and stress gene expression following cold exposure at −5 °C for either 24 h or 14 days, with and without a 12 h recovery period. We observed slight energetic costs to freezing, as frozen larvae tended to have lower glycogen stores across all groups. In addition, the abundance of two heat shock protein transcripts, hsp60 and hsp90, tended to be higher in frozen larvae, indicating higher levels of protein damage following freezing. Together, these results indicate a slight cost to being frozen relative to remaining supercooled, which may have implications for the selection of hibernacula and responses to climate change. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic midge Antarctica Belgica antarctica MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic The Antarctic Insects 11 1 18 |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
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Antarctica freeze-tolerance energy stores heat shock proteins Belgica antarctica |
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Antarctica freeze-tolerance energy stores heat shock proteins Belgica antarctica Nicholas M. Teets Emma G. Dalrymple Maya H. Hillis J. D. Gantz Drew E. Spacht Richard E. Lee David L. Denlinger Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
topic_facet |
Antarctica freeze-tolerance energy stores heat shock proteins Belgica antarctica |
description |
Freeze-tolerance, or the ability to survive internal ice formation, is relatively rare among insects. Larvae of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica are freeze-tolerant year-round, but in dry environments, the larvae can remain supercooled (i.e., unfrozen) at subzero temperatures. In previous work with summer-acclimatized larvae, we showed that freezing is considerably more stressful than remaining supercooled. Here, these findings are extended by comparing survival, tissue damage, energetic costs, and stress gene expression in larvae that have undergone an artificial winter acclimation regime and are either frozen or supercooled at −5 °C. In contrast to summer larvae, winter larvae survive at −5 °C equally well for up to 14 days, whether frozen or supercooled, and there is no tissue damage at these conditions. In subsequent experiments, we measured energy stores and stress gene expression following cold exposure at −5 °C for either 24 h or 14 days, with and without a 12 h recovery period. We observed slight energetic costs to freezing, as frozen larvae tended to have lower glycogen stores across all groups. In addition, the abundance of two heat shock protein transcripts, hsp60 and hsp90, tended to be higher in frozen larvae, indicating higher levels of protein damage following freezing. Together, these results indicate a slight cost to being frozen relative to remaining supercooled, which may have implications for the selection of hibernacula and responses to climate change. |
format |
Text |
author |
Nicholas M. Teets Emma G. Dalrymple Maya H. Hillis J. D. Gantz Drew E. Spacht Richard E. Lee David L. Denlinger |
author_facet |
Nicholas M. Teets Emma G. Dalrymple Maya H. Hillis J. D. Gantz Drew E. Spacht Richard E. Lee David L. Denlinger |
author_sort |
Nicholas M. Teets |
title |
Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
title_short |
Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
title_full |
Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Changes in Energy Reserves and Gene Expression Elicited by Freezing and Supercooling in the Antarctic Midge, Belgica antarctica |
title_sort |
changes in energy reserves and gene expression elicited by freezing and supercooling in the antarctic midge, belgica antarctica |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic midge Antarctica Belgica antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic midge Antarctica Belgica antarctica |
op_source |
Insects; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 18 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010018 |
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Insects |
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11 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
18 |
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