Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment
Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coro...
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2021
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1729/11/12/1333/ 2023-08-20T04:06:04+02:00 Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment Isabella Csadek Peter Paulsen Pia Weidinger Kathrine H. Bak Susanne Bauer Brigitte Pilz Norbert Nowotny Frans J. M. Smulders agris 2021-12-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Microbiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Life; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 1333 herpesvirus coronavirus cold atmospheric plasma oysters mussels nitrogen accumulation Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 2023-08-01T03:26:37Z Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The immediate effect of CAP on EHV-1 was less pronounced, with “low power” CAP yielding a 1.4 and “high power” a 1.0 log reduction. We observed a decline in glucose contents in DMEM, which was most probably caused by a Maillard reaction with the amino acids in DMEM. With respect to the application of the virucidal CAP treatment in oyster production, we investigated whether salt water could be sanitized. CAP treatment entailed a significant decline in pH, below the limits acceptable for holding oysters. In oyster slurry (a surrogate for live oysters), CAP exposure resulted in an increase in total nitrogen, and, to a lower extent, in nitrate and nitrite; this was most probably caused by absorption of nitrate from the plasma gas cloud. We could not observe a change in colour, indicative for binding of NOx to haemocyanin, although this would be a reasonable assumption. Further studies are necessary to explore in which form this additional nitrogen is deposited in oyster flesh. Text Crassostrea gigas MDPI Open Access Publishing Life 11 12 1333 |
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language |
English |
topic |
herpesvirus coronavirus cold atmospheric plasma oysters mussels nitrogen accumulation |
spellingShingle |
herpesvirus coronavirus cold atmospheric plasma oysters mussels nitrogen accumulation Isabella Csadek Peter Paulsen Pia Weidinger Kathrine H. Bak Susanne Bauer Brigitte Pilz Norbert Nowotny Frans J. M. Smulders Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
topic_facet |
herpesvirus coronavirus cold atmospheric plasma oysters mussels nitrogen accumulation |
description |
Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The immediate effect of CAP on EHV-1 was less pronounced, with “low power” CAP yielding a 1.4 and “high power” a 1.0 log reduction. We observed a decline in glucose contents in DMEM, which was most probably caused by a Maillard reaction with the amino acids in DMEM. With respect to the application of the virucidal CAP treatment in oyster production, we investigated whether salt water could be sanitized. CAP treatment entailed a significant decline in pH, below the limits acceptable for holding oysters. In oyster slurry (a surrogate for live oysters), CAP exposure resulted in an increase in total nitrogen, and, to a lower extent, in nitrate and nitrite; this was most probably caused by absorption of nitrate from the plasma gas cloud. We could not observe a change in colour, indicative for binding of NOx to haemocyanin, although this would be a reasonable assumption. Further studies are necessary to explore in which form this additional nitrogen is deposited in oyster flesh. |
format |
Text |
author |
Isabella Csadek Peter Paulsen Pia Weidinger Kathrine H. Bak Susanne Bauer Brigitte Pilz Norbert Nowotny Frans J. M. Smulders |
author_facet |
Isabella Csadek Peter Paulsen Pia Weidinger Kathrine H. Bak Susanne Bauer Brigitte Pilz Norbert Nowotny Frans J. M. Smulders |
author_sort |
Isabella Csadek |
title |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
title_short |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
title_full |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
title_fullStr |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment |
title_sort |
nitrogen accumulation in oyster (crassostrea gigas) slurry exposed to virucidal cold atmospheric plasma treatment |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Life; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 1333 |
op_relation |
Microbiology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121333 |
container_title |
Life |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
1333 |
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1774716991073943552 |