The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt
Quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization was performed on a melt composition (at. %): 18.50 Cu, 32.50 Fe, 48.73 S, 0.03 Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Sn, which closely resembles the Cu-rich massive ores found in the platinum-copper-nickel deposits of Norilsk. Base metal sulfides (BMS) suc...
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2023
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-163X/13/9/1150/ 2023-10-01T03:57:41+02:00 The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt Elena Fedorovna Sinyakova Nikolay Anatolievich Goryachev Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kokh Nikolay Semenovich Karmanov Viktor Aleksandrovich Gusev agris 2023-08-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 eng eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Mineral Deposits https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Minerals Volume 13 Issue 9 Pages: 1150 Cu-Fe-S system noble metals TABS directional crystallization immiscible sulfide and semimetal liquids Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 2023-09-03T23:54:47Z Quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization was performed on a melt composition (at. %): 18.50 Cu, 32.50 Fe, 48.73 S, 0.03 Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Sn, which closely resembles the Cu-rich massive ores found in the platinum-copper-nickel deposits of Norilsk. Base metal sulfides (BMS) such as pyrrhotite solid solution (Fe,Cu)S1±δ (Poss), non-stoichiometric cubanite Cu1.1Fe1.9S3 (Cbn*), and intermediate solid solution Cu1.0Fe1.2S2.0 (Iss) are progressively precipitated from the melt during the crystallization process. The content of noble metals and semimetals in the structure of BMS is below the detection limit of SEM-EDS analysis. Only tin exhibits significant solubility in Cbn* and Iss, meanwhile Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, As, Bi, Sb, and Te are present as discrete composite inclusions, comprising up to 11 individual phases, within their matrices. These microphases correspond to native Au, native Bi, hessite Ag2Te, sperrylite Pt(As,S)2, hedleyite Bi2Te, michenerite PdTeBi, froodite PdBi2, a solid solution of sudburite-sobolevskite-kotulskite Pd(Sb, Bi)xTe1−x, geversite PtSb2, and a multicomponent solid solution based on geversite Me(TABS)2, where Me = Σ(Pt, Pd, Fe, Cu) and TABS = Σ(Te, As, Bi, Sb, Sn). Most of the inclusions occur as thin layers between BMS grain boundaries or appear drop-shaped and subhedral to isometric grains within the sulfide matrix. Only a small fraction of the trace elements form mineral inclusions of sizes ≤ 0.5 μm in Poss, most likely including PtAs2 and (Pt,Pd)S. It is likely that the simultaneous presence of noble metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and semimetals (As, Te, Bi, Sb) in the sulfide melt leads to the appearance of liquid droplets in the parent sulfide melt after pyrrhotite crystallization. The solidification of droplets during the early stages of Cbn* crystallization may occur simultaneously with the cooling of later fractions of the sulfide melt, resulting in the formation of Iss. In addition, abundant gas voids containing micro-inclusions were observed in Cbn* and Iss. These ... Text norilsk MDPI Open Access Publishing Norilsk ENVELOPE(88.203,88.203,69.354,69.354) Minerals 13 9 1150 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
topic |
Cu-Fe-S system noble metals TABS directional crystallization immiscible sulfide and semimetal liquids |
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Cu-Fe-S system noble metals TABS directional crystallization immiscible sulfide and semimetal liquids Elena Fedorovna Sinyakova Nikolay Anatolievich Goryachev Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kokh Nikolay Semenovich Karmanov Viktor Aleksandrovich Gusev The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
topic_facet |
Cu-Fe-S system noble metals TABS directional crystallization immiscible sulfide and semimetal liquids |
description |
Quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization was performed on a melt composition (at. %): 18.50 Cu, 32.50 Fe, 48.73 S, 0.03 Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Sn, which closely resembles the Cu-rich massive ores found in the platinum-copper-nickel deposits of Norilsk. Base metal sulfides (BMS) such as pyrrhotite solid solution (Fe,Cu)S1±δ (Poss), non-stoichiometric cubanite Cu1.1Fe1.9S3 (Cbn*), and intermediate solid solution Cu1.0Fe1.2S2.0 (Iss) are progressively precipitated from the melt during the crystallization process. The content of noble metals and semimetals in the structure of BMS is below the detection limit of SEM-EDS analysis. Only tin exhibits significant solubility in Cbn* and Iss, meanwhile Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, As, Bi, Sb, and Te are present as discrete composite inclusions, comprising up to 11 individual phases, within their matrices. These microphases correspond to native Au, native Bi, hessite Ag2Te, sperrylite Pt(As,S)2, hedleyite Bi2Te, michenerite PdTeBi, froodite PdBi2, a solid solution of sudburite-sobolevskite-kotulskite Pd(Sb, Bi)xTe1−x, geversite PtSb2, and a multicomponent solid solution based on geversite Me(TABS)2, where Me = Σ(Pt, Pd, Fe, Cu) and TABS = Σ(Te, As, Bi, Sb, Sn). Most of the inclusions occur as thin layers between BMS grain boundaries or appear drop-shaped and subhedral to isometric grains within the sulfide matrix. Only a small fraction of the trace elements form mineral inclusions of sizes ≤ 0.5 μm in Poss, most likely including PtAs2 and (Pt,Pd)S. It is likely that the simultaneous presence of noble metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and semimetals (As, Te, Bi, Sb) in the sulfide melt leads to the appearance of liquid droplets in the parent sulfide melt after pyrrhotite crystallization. The solidification of droplets during the early stages of Cbn* crystallization may occur simultaneously with the cooling of later fractions of the sulfide melt, resulting in the formation of Iss. In addition, abundant gas voids containing micro-inclusions were observed in Cbn* and Iss. These ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Elena Fedorovna Sinyakova Nikolay Anatolievich Goryachev Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kokh Nikolay Semenovich Karmanov Viktor Aleksandrovich Gusev |
author_facet |
Elena Fedorovna Sinyakova Nikolay Anatolievich Goryachev Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kokh Nikolay Semenovich Karmanov Viktor Aleksandrovich Gusev |
author_sort |
Elena Fedorovna Sinyakova |
title |
The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
title_short |
The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
title_full |
The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Te, As, Bi, and Sb in the Noble Metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) and Microphases during Crystallization of a Cu-Fe-S Melt |
title_sort |
role of te, as, bi, and sb in the noble metals (pt, pd, au, ag) and microphases during crystallization of a cu-fe-s melt |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 |
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agris |
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ENVELOPE(88.203,88.203,69.354,69.354) |
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Norilsk |
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Norilsk |
genre |
norilsk |
genre_facet |
norilsk |
op_source |
Minerals Volume 13 Issue 9 Pages: 1150 |
op_relation |
Mineral Deposits https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091150 |
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Minerals |
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