Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea)
The Southern Ocean is an important atmospheric carbon sink, and potential changes in the carbon flux in this region will affect the ocean as a whole. Thus, to monitor the variability of its physico-chemical parameters is becoming a priority. This study provides the first high-resolution all-year-rou...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-163X/11/4/374/ 2023-08-20T04:02:01+02:00 Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) Chiara Lombardi Piotr Kuklinski Andrea Bordone Edoardo Spirandelli Giancarlo Raiteri agris 2021-04-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biomineralization and Biominerals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Minerals; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 374 Antarctica environmental variability pH measurement underwater observatory conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe autonomous illuminance measurement climate change Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 2023-08-01T01:25:14Z The Southern Ocean is an important atmospheric carbon sink, and potential changes in the carbon flux in this region will affect the ocean as a whole. Thus, to monitor the variability of its physico-chemical parameters is becoming a priority. This study provides the first high-resolution all-year-round record of observed and computed physico-chemical data from a shallow coastal site in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). From November 2018 to November 2019, an underwater observatory deployed at a 25 m depth under an ice pack recorded pressure (p), temperature (t), electrical conductivity (C), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH in total scale (pHT), and illuminance (Ev). Practical salinity (SP), density (ρ), tidal constituents, carbonate system parameters (total alkalinity (TA), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), calcite, and aragonite (ΩCa, ΩAr)), together with sea ice concentration (SIC) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), were derived from measured and satellite data. t, DO, and pHT displayed the lowest values between July and November (–1.95 °C, 6.61 mL L−1, 7.97) whereas the highest in January (+1.08 °C, 10.61 mL L−1, 8.35). SP had the lowest values (33.72 PSU) in February and the highest (34.87 PSU) in September. Ev peaked in March (201 lux), with the highest values (>50 lux) in correspondence to the lowest values of SIC and a delayed trend, between December and March, with respect to Chl-a values (0.2–1.1 mg m−3). ΩCa and ΩAr showed their highest average monthly values (±s.d.) in January (ΩCa: 3.41 ± 0.27; ΩAr: 2.14 ± 0.17), when DO had maximum values. The lowest Ω occurred in September (ΩCa: 2.11 ± 0.02; ΩAr: 1.32 ± 0.02), at the end of phytoplankton activity. No undersaturation for both calcite and aragonite was recorded during the study period. This study highlights that biological activities and physico-chemical variables of the investigated shallow coastal site are coupled and, in many cases, influence each other. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean MDPI Open Access Publishing Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay Minerals 11 4 374 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctica environmental variability pH measurement underwater observatory conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe autonomous illuminance measurement climate change |
spellingShingle |
Antarctica environmental variability pH measurement underwater observatory conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe autonomous illuminance measurement climate change Chiara Lombardi Piotr Kuklinski Andrea Bordone Edoardo Spirandelli Giancarlo Raiteri Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
topic_facet |
Antarctica environmental variability pH measurement underwater observatory conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe autonomous illuminance measurement climate change |
description |
The Southern Ocean is an important atmospheric carbon sink, and potential changes in the carbon flux in this region will affect the ocean as a whole. Thus, to monitor the variability of its physico-chemical parameters is becoming a priority. This study provides the first high-resolution all-year-round record of observed and computed physico-chemical data from a shallow coastal site in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). From November 2018 to November 2019, an underwater observatory deployed at a 25 m depth under an ice pack recorded pressure (p), temperature (t), electrical conductivity (C), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH in total scale (pHT), and illuminance (Ev). Practical salinity (SP), density (ρ), tidal constituents, carbonate system parameters (total alkalinity (TA), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), calcite, and aragonite (ΩCa, ΩAr)), together with sea ice concentration (SIC) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), were derived from measured and satellite data. t, DO, and pHT displayed the lowest values between July and November (–1.95 °C, 6.61 mL L−1, 7.97) whereas the highest in January (+1.08 °C, 10.61 mL L−1, 8.35). SP had the lowest values (33.72 PSU) in February and the highest (34.87 PSU) in September. Ev peaked in March (201 lux), with the highest values (>50 lux) in correspondence to the lowest values of SIC and a delayed trend, between December and March, with respect to Chl-a values (0.2–1.1 mg m−3). ΩCa and ΩAr showed their highest average monthly values (±s.d.) in January (ΩCa: 3.41 ± 0.27; ΩAr: 2.14 ± 0.17), when DO had maximum values. The lowest Ω occurred in September (ΩCa: 2.11 ± 0.02; ΩAr: 1.32 ± 0.02), at the end of phytoplankton activity. No undersaturation for both calcite and aragonite was recorded during the study period. This study highlights that biological activities and physico-chemical variables of the investigated shallow coastal site are coupled and, in many cases, influence each other. |
format |
Text |
author |
Chiara Lombardi Piotr Kuklinski Andrea Bordone Edoardo Spirandelli Giancarlo Raiteri |
author_facet |
Chiara Lombardi Piotr Kuklinski Andrea Bordone Edoardo Spirandelli Giancarlo Raiteri |
author_sort |
Chiara Lombardi |
title |
Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
title_short |
Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
title_full |
Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Annual Physico-Chemical Variability via High-Temporal Resolution Monitoring in an Antarctic Shallow Coastal Site (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) |
title_sort |
assessment of annual physico-chemical variability via high-temporal resolution monitoring in an antarctic shallow coastal site (terra nova bay, ross sea) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Ross Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Minerals; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 374 |
op_relation |
Biomineralization and Biominerals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040374 |
container_title |
Minerals |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
374 |
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1774712402880757760 |