| Summary: | Risk assessment and emergency responses to ensure the safety of ships crossing the Arctic have gained tremendous attention in recent years. However, asymmetry in the probability that people will receive aid when navigating through the Arctic still exists because of the unsystematic allocation of rescue bases in the Arctic. At the same time, no study has proposed an overall solution to the problem of allocating rescue bases in the Arctic region to safeguard people’s interests. In this paper, we investigated the main natural factors affecting the safety of ship navigation in the Arctic based on the statistics of ship accidents in the Arctic from 1995 to 2004. The navigation risk of the Arctic was then assessed based on these natural factors, reflecting the need for rescue at all locations in the Arctic. Next, 37 cities with good infrastructure were selected among those along the Arctic as candidate locations for rescue bases. Finally, a new model was constructed based on the Set Covering Location Model, Double Covering Location Model, and P-Median Model to determine the optimal allocation of rescue bases in the Arctic. The rescue bases covered all the areas in the Arctic, and minimized cost in terms of distance and other economic factors. In addition, the constructed model ensured that two rescue bases were allocated to the areas with high navigation risk.
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