Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens
Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., s...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/6/8/2233/ 2023-08-20T04:09:02+02:00 Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens Michael Navarro Emily Bockmon Christina Frieder Jennifer Gonzalez Lisa Levin agris 2014-07-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Oceans and Coastal Zones https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Water; Volume 6; Issue 8; Pages: 2233-2254 market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Text 2014 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 2023-07-31T20:38:32Z Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., seawater temperature and elemental concentration). We used real-world environmental levels of pH and [O2] observed on squid-embryo beds to test in the laboratory whether or not squid statolith geochemistry reflects environmental pH and [O2]. We asked whether pH and [O2] levels might affect the incorporation of element ratios (B:Ca, Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Pb:Ca, U:Ca) into squid embryonic statoliths as (1) individual elements and/or (2) multivariate elemental signatures, and consider future applications as proxies for pH and [O2] exposure. Embryo exposure to high and low pH and [O2] alone and together during development over four weeks only moderately affected elemental concentrations of the statoliths, and uranium was an important element driving these differences. Uranium:Ca was eight-times higher in statoliths exposed to low pHT (7.57–7.58) and low [O2] (79–82 µmol·kg−1) than those exposed to higher ambient pHT (7.92–7.94) and [O2] (241–243 µmol·kg−1). In a separate experiment, exposure to low pHT (7.55–7.56) or low [O2] (83–86 µmol·kg−1) yielded elevated U:Ca and Sr:Ca in the low [O2] treatment only. We found capsular effects on multiple elements in statoliths of all treatments. The multivariate elemental signatures of embryonic statoliths were distinct among capsules, but did not reflect environmental factors (pH and/or [O2]). We show that statoliths of squid embryos developing inside capsules have the potential to reflect environmental pH and [O2], but that these “signals” are generated in concert with the physiological effects of the capsules and embryos themselves. Text Ocean acidification MDPI Open Access Publishing Water 6 8 2233 2254 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
topic |
market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium |
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market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium Michael Navarro Emily Bockmon Christina Frieder Jennifer Gonzalez Lisa Levin Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
topic_facet |
market squid statolith geochemistry deoxygenation acidification intensified upwelling climate change uranium |
description |
Spawning market squid lay embryo capsules on the seafloor of the continental shelf of the California Current System (CCS), where ocean acidification, deoxygenation and intensified upwelling lower the pH and [O2]. Squid statolith geochemistry has been shown to reflect the squid’s environment (e.g., seawater temperature and elemental concentration). We used real-world environmental levels of pH and [O2] observed on squid-embryo beds to test in the laboratory whether or not squid statolith geochemistry reflects environmental pH and [O2]. We asked whether pH and [O2] levels might affect the incorporation of element ratios (B:Ca, Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Pb:Ca, U:Ca) into squid embryonic statoliths as (1) individual elements and/or (2) multivariate elemental signatures, and consider future applications as proxies for pH and [O2] exposure. Embryo exposure to high and low pH and [O2] alone and together during development over four weeks only moderately affected elemental concentrations of the statoliths, and uranium was an important element driving these differences. Uranium:Ca was eight-times higher in statoliths exposed to low pHT (7.57–7.58) and low [O2] (79–82 µmol·kg−1) than those exposed to higher ambient pHT (7.92–7.94) and [O2] (241–243 µmol·kg−1). In a separate experiment, exposure to low pHT (7.55–7.56) or low [O2] (83–86 µmol·kg−1) yielded elevated U:Ca and Sr:Ca in the low [O2] treatment only. We found capsular effects on multiple elements in statoliths of all treatments. The multivariate elemental signatures of embryonic statoliths were distinct among capsules, but did not reflect environmental factors (pH and/or [O2]). We show that statoliths of squid embryos developing inside capsules have the potential to reflect environmental pH and [O2], but that these “signals” are generated in concert with the physiological effects of the capsules and embryos themselves. |
format |
Text |
author |
Michael Navarro Emily Bockmon Christina Frieder Jennifer Gonzalez Lisa Levin |
author_facet |
Michael Navarro Emily Bockmon Christina Frieder Jennifer Gonzalez Lisa Levin |
author_sort |
Michael Navarro |
title |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_short |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_full |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_fullStr |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental pH, O2 and Capsular Effects on the Geochemical Composition of Statoliths of Embryonic Squid Doryteuthis opalescens |
title_sort |
environmental ph, o2 and capsular effects on the geochemical composition of statoliths of embryonic squid doryteuthis opalescens |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Water; Volume 6; Issue 8; Pages: 2233-2254 |
op_relation |
Oceans and Coastal Zones https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w6082233 |
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Water |
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6 |
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8 |
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2233 |
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2254 |
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