Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle
Polar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resu...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/15/3/556/ 2023-08-20T04:04:28+02:00 Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro agris 2023-01-31 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 556 microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 2023-08-01T08:33:32Z Polar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resulting in a paucity of microbiological data. To fill these gaps and obtain novel insights into microbial structure and function in Arctic regions, a survey of microbial communities in an area close to the Blomstrandbreen glacier in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago; Arctic Ocean) was carried out during an early summer period. An Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle designed to safely obtain seawater samples from offshore-glacier transects (PROTEUS, Portable RObotic Technology for Unmanned Surveys) was equipped with an automatic remotely-controlled water multi-sampler so that it could sample just beneath the glacier, where access from the sea is difficult and dangerous. The samples were analysed by image analysis for the abundance of total prokaryotes, viable and respiring cells, their morphological traits and biomass; by flow cytometry for autotrophic and prokaryotic cells (with high and low nucleic acid contents) as well as virus-like particle counts; by BIOLOG ECOPLATES for potential community metabolism; and by fluorimetry for potential enzymatic activity rates on organic polymers. Contextually, the main physical and chemical (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) parameters were detected. Altogether, besides the PROTEUS vehicle’s suitability for collecting samples from otherwise inaccessible sites, the multivariate analysis of the overall dataset allowed the identification of three main sub-regions differently affected by the haline gradient (close to the glacier) or terrigenous inputs coming from the coast. A complex microbiological scenario was depicted by different patterns of microbial abundance and metabolism among the transects, suggesting that ice melting and Atlantic water inflow differently ... Text Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Arctic Ocean Blomstrandbreen ENVELOPE(12.167,12.167,79.033,79.033) Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Water 15 3 556 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard |
spellingShingle |
microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
topic_facet |
microbial abundance microbial activity unmanned autonomous vehicle glacier Svalbard |
description |
Polar marine environments host a complex assemblage of cold-adapted auto- and heterotrophic microorganisms that affect water biogeochemistry and ecosystem functions. However, due to logistical difficulties, remote regions like those in close proximity to glaciers have received little attention, resulting in a paucity of microbiological data. To fill these gaps and obtain novel insights into microbial structure and function in Arctic regions, a survey of microbial communities in an area close to the Blomstrandbreen glacier in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago; Arctic Ocean) was carried out during an early summer period. An Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle designed to safely obtain seawater samples from offshore-glacier transects (PROTEUS, Portable RObotic Technology for Unmanned Surveys) was equipped with an automatic remotely-controlled water multi-sampler so that it could sample just beneath the glacier, where access from the sea is difficult and dangerous. The samples were analysed by image analysis for the abundance of total prokaryotes, viable and respiring cells, their morphological traits and biomass; by flow cytometry for autotrophic and prokaryotic cells (with high and low nucleic acid contents) as well as virus-like particle counts; by BIOLOG ECOPLATES for potential community metabolism; and by fluorimetry for potential enzymatic activity rates on organic polymers. Contextually, the main physical and chemical (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) parameters were detected. Altogether, besides the PROTEUS vehicle’s suitability for collecting samples from otherwise inaccessible sites, the multivariate analysis of the overall dataset allowed the identification of three main sub-regions differently affected by the haline gradient (close to the glacier) or terrigenous inputs coming from the coast. A complex microbiological scenario was depicted by different patterns of microbial abundance and metabolism among the transects, suggesting that ice melting and Atlantic water inflow differently ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro |
author_facet |
Maria Papale Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Rosabruna La Ferla Angelina Lo Giudice Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Alessandro Cosenza Filippo Azzaro Roberta Ferretti Rodolfo Paranhos Anderson Souza Cabral Massimo Caccia Angelo Odetti Giuseppe Zappalà Gabriele Bruzzone Maurizio Azzaro |
author_sort |
Maria Papale |
title |
Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
title_short |
Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
title_full |
Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
title_fullStr |
Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial Community Abundance and Metabolism Close to the Ice-Water Interface of the Blomstrandbreen Glacier (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): A Sampling Survey Using an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle |
title_sort |
microbial community abundance and metabolism close to the ice-water interface of the blomstrandbreen glacier (kongsfjorden, svalbard): a sampling survey using an unmanned autonomous vehicle |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.167,12.167,79.033,79.033) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Blomstrandbreen Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Blomstrandbreen Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean glacier Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Svalbard |
op_source |
Water; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 556 |
op_relation |
Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030556 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
556 |
_version_ |
1774714850397650944 |