Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study
Ice jam is a unique hydrological phenomenon in rivers in cold regions. The appearance of an ice jam in a river results in an increase in the wetted perimeter of the flow cross-section, and thus an increase in flow resistance as well as water level. It may cause ice flooding sometimes. Similar to the...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/14/23/3945/ 2023-08-20T04:07:49+02:00 Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study Pangpang Chen Jueyi Sui Guangxue Cao Tiejie Cheng agris 2022-12-04 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 3945 ice jam ice wave experiment wave crest wave trough wavelength migration speed Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 2023-08-01T07:38:35Z Ice jam is a unique hydrological phenomenon in rivers in cold regions. The appearance of an ice jam in a river results in an increase in the wetted perimeter of the flow cross-section, and thus an increase in flow resistance as well as water level. It may cause ice flooding sometimes. Similar to the “sand wave” phenomenon in riverbed, it has been observed in laboratory experiments that the waved-shape accumulation of ice particles (termed as “ice wave”) under an ice jam occurred. In this study, an Equation for describing the relationship between the approaching flow Froude number (Fr) and the ratio of ice jam thickness to flow depth (t/H) has been proposed. Taking the inflection point value of the equation under different flow depths, a characteristic curve has been developed to judge whether ice waves under an ice jam occurs. When the flow Froude number in front of an ice jam is below the value at the inflection point of the curve, the ice jam can maintain a mechanical stability within the ice jam thickness in a range from the lower limiting value to the upper limiting value, which were close to the ice wave trough thickness and the ice wave crest thickness, respectively. An Equation for calculating the ice wavelength has been derived and verified by using results of laboratory experiments. The relationship between the migration speed of ice wave and the ratio of ice discharge to water flow rate (Qi/Q) has been also analyzed. At last, case studies have been conducted with respect to ice accumulation in the St. Lawrence River, the Beauharnois Canal and the La Grande River. Results of case studies show that the shoving and ice dam have been dominated by mechanical factors, which would be accompanied by the ice wave phenomenon during the ice jam accumulation process. Results of case studies about ice accumulation in natural rivers also show that the relative thickness of an ice jam (t/H) of 0.4 is the criterion for assessing whether an ice jam in a river belongs to an ice dam. Text La Grande River MDPI Open Access Publishing Lawrence River ENVELOPE(-115.002,-115.002,58.384,58.384) Water 14 23 3945 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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language |
English |
topic |
ice jam ice wave experiment wave crest wave trough wavelength migration speed |
spellingShingle |
ice jam ice wave experiment wave crest wave trough wavelength migration speed Pangpang Chen Jueyi Sui Guangxue Cao Tiejie Cheng Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
topic_facet |
ice jam ice wave experiment wave crest wave trough wavelength migration speed |
description |
Ice jam is a unique hydrological phenomenon in rivers in cold regions. The appearance of an ice jam in a river results in an increase in the wetted perimeter of the flow cross-section, and thus an increase in flow resistance as well as water level. It may cause ice flooding sometimes. Similar to the “sand wave” phenomenon in riverbed, it has been observed in laboratory experiments that the waved-shape accumulation of ice particles (termed as “ice wave”) under an ice jam occurred. In this study, an Equation for describing the relationship between the approaching flow Froude number (Fr) and the ratio of ice jam thickness to flow depth (t/H) has been proposed. Taking the inflection point value of the equation under different flow depths, a characteristic curve has been developed to judge whether ice waves under an ice jam occurs. When the flow Froude number in front of an ice jam is below the value at the inflection point of the curve, the ice jam can maintain a mechanical stability within the ice jam thickness in a range from the lower limiting value to the upper limiting value, which were close to the ice wave trough thickness and the ice wave crest thickness, respectively. An Equation for calculating the ice wavelength has been derived and verified by using results of laboratory experiments. The relationship between the migration speed of ice wave and the ratio of ice discharge to water flow rate (Qi/Q) has been also analyzed. At last, case studies have been conducted with respect to ice accumulation in the St. Lawrence River, the Beauharnois Canal and the La Grande River. Results of case studies show that the shoving and ice dam have been dominated by mechanical factors, which would be accompanied by the ice wave phenomenon during the ice jam accumulation process. Results of case studies about ice accumulation in natural rivers also show that the relative thickness of an ice jam (t/H) of 0.4 is the criterion for assessing whether an ice jam in a river belongs to an ice dam. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pangpang Chen Jueyi Sui Guangxue Cao Tiejie Cheng |
author_facet |
Pangpang Chen Jueyi Sui Guangxue Cao Tiejie Cheng |
author_sort |
Pangpang Chen |
title |
Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
title_short |
Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
title_full |
Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
title_fullStr |
Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Waved-Shape Accumulation of Ice Jam—Analysis and Experimental Study |
title_sort |
waved-shape accumulation of ice jam—analysis and experimental study |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-115.002,-115.002,58.384,58.384) |
geographic |
Lawrence River |
geographic_facet |
Lawrence River |
genre |
La Grande River |
genre_facet |
La Grande River |
op_source |
Water; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 3945 |
op_relation |
Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233945 |
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Water |
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14 |
container_issue |
23 |
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3945 |
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