On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of enhanced integrated water vapor transport, modulated by large-scale and synoptic-scale variability. Here, we investigate how ARs and snowpack are shaped by large-scale variability such as arctic oscillation (AO) by examining the synoptic conditions and ch...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/14/15/2392/ 2023-08-20T04:04:19+02:00 On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset Samuel Liner Ju-Mee Ryoo Sen Chiao agris 2022-08-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 14; Issue 15; Pages: 2392 atmospheric rivers arctic oscillation integrated water vapor transport snow water equivalent climate variability Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 2023-08-01T05:56:08Z Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of enhanced integrated water vapor transport, modulated by large-scale and synoptic-scale variability. Here, we investigate how ARs and snowpack are shaped by large-scale variability such as arctic oscillation (AO) by examining the synoptic conditions and characteristics of ARs and snowpack in the different phases of AO. Using Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2) reanalysis data, and in-situ observation data over the eastern Pacific and western United States. we found that more precipitation is observed in lower latitudes (35° N–45° N) during negative AO months and farther north (north of 45° N) in latitude during positive AO months. These are associated with wavelike synoptic patterns in negative AO months and more straight-line type synoptic patterns in positive AO months. The different phases of AO also modulate the AR characteristics: 2.6% less intense (5.3% more intense) integrated water vapor transport and total precipitation, and 16.0% shorter (21.1% longer) duration of ARs than the climatological mean (1980–2019) for positive AO (negative AO) phase. AR frequency is also higher (~50.4%) than the climatological mean for negative AO phase, but there is no statistically significant difference between either negative AO or positive AO phase, especially in southern California. In addition, the snow water equivalent (SWE) tends to be reduced in the positive AO phase and under high-temperature conditions, especially in recent years (2010s). The similar relationships are found in the early 1990s and 2000s, but their statistical significances are low. Considering that lower atmospheric temperature keeps increasing over the eastern Pacific and the western U.S., and SWE tends to be reduced in the positive AO phase in recent years, SWE may decrease over northern California if the warming condition persists. These findings highlight how the ... Text Arctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Pacific Water 14 15 2392 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
atmospheric rivers arctic oscillation integrated water vapor transport snow water equivalent climate variability |
spellingShingle |
atmospheric rivers arctic oscillation integrated water vapor transport snow water equivalent climate variability Samuel Liner Ju-Mee Ryoo Sen Chiao On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
topic_facet |
atmospheric rivers arctic oscillation integrated water vapor transport snow water equivalent climate variability |
description |
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of enhanced integrated water vapor transport, modulated by large-scale and synoptic-scale variability. Here, we investigate how ARs and snowpack are shaped by large-scale variability such as arctic oscillation (AO) by examining the synoptic conditions and characteristics of ARs and snowpack in the different phases of AO. Using Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2) reanalysis data, and in-situ observation data over the eastern Pacific and western United States. we found that more precipitation is observed in lower latitudes (35° N–45° N) during negative AO months and farther north (north of 45° N) in latitude during positive AO months. These are associated with wavelike synoptic patterns in negative AO months and more straight-line type synoptic patterns in positive AO months. The different phases of AO also modulate the AR characteristics: 2.6% less intense (5.3% more intense) integrated water vapor transport and total precipitation, and 16.0% shorter (21.1% longer) duration of ARs than the climatological mean (1980–2019) for positive AO (negative AO) phase. AR frequency is also higher (~50.4%) than the climatological mean for negative AO phase, but there is no statistically significant difference between either negative AO or positive AO phase, especially in southern California. In addition, the snow water equivalent (SWE) tends to be reduced in the positive AO phase and under high-temperature conditions, especially in recent years (2010s). The similar relationships are found in the early 1990s and 2000s, but their statistical significances are low. Considering that lower atmospheric temperature keeps increasing over the eastern Pacific and the western U.S., and SWE tends to be reduced in the positive AO phase in recent years, SWE may decrease over northern California if the warming condition persists. These findings highlight how the ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Samuel Liner Ju-Mee Ryoo Sen Chiao |
author_facet |
Samuel Liner Ju-Mee Ryoo Sen Chiao |
author_sort |
Samuel Liner |
title |
On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
title_short |
On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
title_full |
On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
title_fullStr |
On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset |
title_sort |
on the relationship of arctic oscillation with atmospheric rivers and snowpack in the western united states using long-term multi-platform dataset |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Water; Volume 14; Issue 15; Pages: 2392 |
op_relation |
Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152392 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
2392 |
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1774714701232472064 |