Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems
Horizontal bar rack bypass systems (HBR-BS) are characterized by a horizontal bar rack (HBR) with narrow clear bar spacing of 10–20 mm and an adjacent bypass (BS) to efficiently protect and guide downstream moving fish at water intakes. The small bar spacing may lead to operational challenges, such...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/13/19/2786/ 2023-08-20T03:59:44+02:00 Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems Julian Meister Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Claudia Beck Oliver M. Selz Armin Peter Ismail Albayrak Robert M. Boes agris 2021-10-08 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 13; Issue 19; Pages: 2786 behavioral barrier downstream fish movement ecohydraulics electric barrier fish behavior fish guidance structure fish passage fish protection hybrid barrier pulsed direct current Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 2023-08-01T02:53:56Z Horizontal bar rack bypass systems (HBR-BS) are characterized by a horizontal bar rack (HBR) with narrow clear bar spacing of 10–20 mm and an adjacent bypass (BS) to efficiently protect and guide downstream moving fish at water intakes. The small bar spacing may lead to operational challenges, such as clogging and high head losses. This study investigated whether combining an HBR with a low-voltage electric field (e-HBR) allows one to increase the clear bar spacing while maintaining a high standard of fish protection and guidance efficiency. To this end, an HBR-BS with 20 mm bar spacing and an e-HBR-BS with 20 and 51 mm bar spacing were tested with spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in a laboratory flume. The racks were electrified with 38 V pulsed direct current. The protection efficiency of the e-HBR with 51 mm was 96% for spirlin and 86% for eels, which are similar results to those of the HBR with 20 mm. Some eels passed through the e-HBR, but only when they were parallel to the rack. Fish injuries of variable severeness due to the electrification were observed. The results highlight the potential of hybrid barriers for the protection of downstream moving fish. However, fish injuries due to electricity may occur; and reporting applied voltage, electrode geometry, resulting electric field strength and the pulse pattern of the electrified rack setup is necessary to ensure comparability among studies and to avoid injuries. Text Anguilla anguilla MDPI Open Access Publishing Water 13 19 2786 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
behavioral barrier downstream fish movement ecohydraulics electric barrier fish behavior fish guidance structure fish passage fish protection hybrid barrier pulsed direct current |
spellingShingle |
behavioral barrier downstream fish movement ecohydraulics electric barrier fish behavior fish guidance structure fish passage fish protection hybrid barrier pulsed direct current Julian Meister Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Claudia Beck Oliver M. Selz Armin Peter Ismail Albayrak Robert M. Boes Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
topic_facet |
behavioral barrier downstream fish movement ecohydraulics electric barrier fish behavior fish guidance structure fish passage fish protection hybrid barrier pulsed direct current |
description |
Horizontal bar rack bypass systems (HBR-BS) are characterized by a horizontal bar rack (HBR) with narrow clear bar spacing of 10–20 mm and an adjacent bypass (BS) to efficiently protect and guide downstream moving fish at water intakes. The small bar spacing may lead to operational challenges, such as clogging and high head losses. This study investigated whether combining an HBR with a low-voltage electric field (e-HBR) allows one to increase the clear bar spacing while maintaining a high standard of fish protection and guidance efficiency. To this end, an HBR-BS with 20 mm bar spacing and an e-HBR-BS with 20 and 51 mm bar spacing were tested with spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in a laboratory flume. The racks were electrified with 38 V pulsed direct current. The protection efficiency of the e-HBR with 51 mm was 96% for spirlin and 86% for eels, which are similar results to those of the HBR with 20 mm. Some eels passed through the e-HBR, but only when they were parallel to the rack. Fish injuries of variable severeness due to the electrification were observed. The results highlight the potential of hybrid barriers for the protection of downstream moving fish. However, fish injuries due to electricity may occur; and reporting applied voltage, electrode geometry, resulting electric field strength and the pulse pattern of the electrified rack setup is necessary to ensure comparability among studies and to avoid injuries. |
format |
Text |
author |
Julian Meister Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Claudia Beck Oliver M. Selz Armin Peter Ismail Albayrak Robert M. Boes |
author_facet |
Julian Meister Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Claudia Beck Oliver M. Selz Armin Peter Ismail Albayrak Robert M. Boes |
author_sort |
Julian Meister |
title |
Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
title_short |
Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
title_full |
Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
title_fullStr |
Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems |
title_sort |
protection and guidance of downstream moving fish with electrified horizontal bar rack bypass systems |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Anguilla anguilla |
genre_facet |
Anguilla anguilla |
op_source |
Water; Volume 13; Issue 19; Pages: 2786 |
op_relation |
Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192786 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
2786 |
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1774715202480111616 |