Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal
The extratropical cyclones that originate in the North Atlantic and propagate towards Europe are one of the major natural hazards in mid-latitudes. In December 2019, three consecutive extratropical cyclones named Daniel, Elsa, and Fabien affected Portugal. In this study, the synoptic and upper-level...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/13/11/1476/ 2023-08-20T04:08:27+02:00 Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal Milica Stojanovic Ana Gonçalves Rogert Sorí Marta Vázquez Alexandre M. Ramos Raquel Nieto Luis Gimeno Margarida L. R. Liberato agris 2021-05-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 1476 extratropical cyclones heavy precipitation drought attenuation Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 2023-08-01T01:47:40Z The extratropical cyclones that originate in the North Atlantic and propagate towards Europe are one of the major natural hazards in mid-latitudes. In December 2019, three consecutive extratropical cyclones named Daniel, Elsa, and Fabien affected Portugal. In this study, the synoptic and upper-level dynamic conditions associated with these systems during their impact in mainland Portugal are evaluated. The persistent intense zonal flow that crossed the entire Atlantic revealed by the integrated vapor transport and the vertically integrated moisture flux favored these hydro-meteorological systems. The patterns of mean sea level pressure, geopotential, potential vorticity, total column water, and convective available potential energy were used to characterize the influence of every system over mainland Portugal. A cluster analysis of monthly precipitation permitted the classification of the country into four main regions named the Northwest, Centre West, Northeast and Centre East, and South region on which the analysis was focused. The three storms affected every region on consecutive days by the middle of December, producing extreme precipitation events and significant effects on the accumulated rainfall and runoff, particularly in the Northwest, Centre West, Northeast and Centre East regions. As consequence, multiple incidences of damage were reported along mainland Portugal. However, an assessment of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on time scales of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months revealed a positive impact of rainfall increase on the attenuation of short and long term accumulated drought conditions, particularly in the center and north regions. Text North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Water 13 11 1476 |
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extratropical cyclones heavy precipitation drought attenuation |
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extratropical cyclones heavy precipitation drought attenuation Milica Stojanovic Ana Gonçalves Rogert Sorí Marta Vázquez Alexandre M. Ramos Raquel Nieto Luis Gimeno Margarida L. R. Liberato Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
topic_facet |
extratropical cyclones heavy precipitation drought attenuation |
description |
The extratropical cyclones that originate in the North Atlantic and propagate towards Europe are one of the major natural hazards in mid-latitudes. In December 2019, three consecutive extratropical cyclones named Daniel, Elsa, and Fabien affected Portugal. In this study, the synoptic and upper-level dynamic conditions associated with these systems during their impact in mainland Portugal are evaluated. The persistent intense zonal flow that crossed the entire Atlantic revealed by the integrated vapor transport and the vertically integrated moisture flux favored these hydro-meteorological systems. The patterns of mean sea level pressure, geopotential, potential vorticity, total column water, and convective available potential energy were used to characterize the influence of every system over mainland Portugal. A cluster analysis of monthly precipitation permitted the classification of the country into four main regions named the Northwest, Centre West, Northeast and Centre East, and South region on which the analysis was focused. The three storms affected every region on consecutive days by the middle of December, producing extreme precipitation events and significant effects on the accumulated rainfall and runoff, particularly in the Northwest, Centre West, Northeast and Centre East regions. As consequence, multiple incidences of damage were reported along mainland Portugal. However, an assessment of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on time scales of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months revealed a positive impact of rainfall increase on the attenuation of short and long term accumulated drought conditions, particularly in the center and north regions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Milica Stojanovic Ana Gonçalves Rogert Sorí Marta Vázquez Alexandre M. Ramos Raquel Nieto Luis Gimeno Margarida L. R. Liberato |
author_facet |
Milica Stojanovic Ana Gonçalves Rogert Sorí Marta Vázquez Alexandre M. Ramos Raquel Nieto Luis Gimeno Margarida L. R. Liberato |
author_sort |
Milica Stojanovic |
title |
Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
title_short |
Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
title_full |
Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
title_fullStr |
Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Consecutive Extratropical Cyclones Daniel, Elsa and Fabien, and Their Impact on the Hydrological Cycle of Mainland Portugal |
title_sort |
consecutive extratropical cyclones daniel, elsa and fabien, and their impact on the hydrological cycle of mainland portugal |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Water; Volume 13; Issue 11; Pages: 1476 |
op_relation |
Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111476 |
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Water |
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13 |
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11 |
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1476 |
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1774720727937712128 |