Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016)
This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent,...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/11/1/23/ 2023-08-20T04:04:20+02:00 Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang agris 2018-12-23 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Water; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 23 total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Text 2018 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 2023-07-31T21:55:41Z This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent, multiyear ice area, and the variability of sea ice concentration in different ranges. The results show that the total sea ice area decreased by 0.0453 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.55%/year) between 1979 and 2016, and the variability of the sea ice area from 1997 to 2016 is significantly larger than that from 1979 to 1996. The first-year ice extent increased by 0.0199 × 106 km2·year−1 (0.36%/year) from 1997 to 2016. The multiyear ice area decreased by 0.0711 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.66%/year) from 1979 to 2016, of which in the last 20 years is about 30.8% less than in 1979–1996. In terms of concentration, we have focused on comparing 1979–1996 and 1997–2016 in different ranges. Sea ice concentration between 0.9–1 accounted for about 39.57% from 1979 to 1996, while from 1997–2016, it accounted for only 27.75%. However, the sea ice of concentration between 0.15–0.4 exhibits no significant trend changes. Text Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Water 11 1 23 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration |
spellingShingle |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
topic_facet |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration |
description |
This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent, multiyear ice area, and the variability of sea ice concentration in different ranges. The results show that the total sea ice area decreased by 0.0453 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.55%/year) between 1979 and 2016, and the variability of the sea ice area from 1997 to 2016 is significantly larger than that from 1979 to 1996. The first-year ice extent increased by 0.0199 × 106 km2·year−1 (0.36%/year) from 1997 to 2016. The multiyear ice area decreased by 0.0711 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.66%/year) from 1979 to 2016, of which in the last 20 years is about 30.8% less than in 1979–1996. In terms of concentration, we have focused on comparing 1979–1996 and 1997–2016 in different ranges. Sea ice concentration between 0.9–1 accounted for about 39.57% from 1979 to 1996, while from 1997–2016, it accounted for only 27.75%. However, the sea ice of concentration between 0.15–0.4 exhibits no significant trend changes. |
format |
Text |
author |
Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang |
author_facet |
Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang |
author_sort |
Zhankai Wu |
title |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_short |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_full |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_fullStr |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_sort |
variability of arctic sea ice (1979–2016) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
op_source |
Water; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 23 |
op_relation |
Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
23 |
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1774714719112790016 |