Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils
Evidences of highly localized methane fluxes are reported from the Arctic shelf, hot spots of methane emissions in thermokarst lakes, and are believed to evolve to features like Yamal crater on land. The origin of large methane outbursts is problematic. Here we show, that the biogenic methane (13C ≤...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/8/6/105/ 2023-08-20T04:04:46+02:00 Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils Gleb Kraev Ernst-Detlef Schulze Alla Yurova Alexander Kholodov Evgeny Chuvilin Elizaveta Rivkina agris 2017-06-15 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Air Quality https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 8; Issue 6; Pages: 105 permafrost degradation freezing soils cryogenic migration biogenic methane Yamal crater methane hydrates freezing front Yedoma transition layer Text 2017 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 2023-07-31T21:08:33Z Evidences of highly localized methane fluxes are reported from the Arctic shelf, hot spots of methane emissions in thermokarst lakes, and are believed to evolve to features like Yamal crater on land. The origin of large methane outbursts is problematic. Here we show, that the biogenic methane (13C ≤ −71‰) which formed before and during soil freezing is presently held in the permafrost. Field and experimental observations show that methane tends to accumulate at the permafrost table or in the coarse-grained lithological pockets surrounded by the sediments less-permeable for gas. Our field observations, radiocarbon dating, laboratory tests and theory all suggest that depending on the soil structure and freezing dynamics, this methane may have been displaced downwards tens of meters during freezing and has accumulated in the lithological pockets. The initial flux of methane from the one pocket disclosed by drilling was at a rate of more than 2.5 kg C(CH4) m−2 h−1. The age of the methane was 8–18 thousand years younger than the age of the sediments, suggesting that it was displaced tens of meters during freezing. The theoretical background provided the insight on the cryogenic displacement of methane in support of the field and experimental data. Upon freezing of sediments, methane follows water migration and either dissipates in the freezing soils or concentrates at certain places controlled by the freezing rate, initial methane distribution and soil structure. Text Arctic permafrost Thermokarst MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Atmosphere 8 6 105 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
permafrost degradation freezing soils cryogenic migration biogenic methane Yamal crater methane hydrates freezing front Yedoma transition layer |
spellingShingle |
permafrost degradation freezing soils cryogenic migration biogenic methane Yamal crater methane hydrates freezing front Yedoma transition layer Gleb Kraev Ernst-Detlef Schulze Alla Yurova Alexander Kholodov Evgeny Chuvilin Elizaveta Rivkina Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
topic_facet |
permafrost degradation freezing soils cryogenic migration biogenic methane Yamal crater methane hydrates freezing front Yedoma transition layer |
description |
Evidences of highly localized methane fluxes are reported from the Arctic shelf, hot spots of methane emissions in thermokarst lakes, and are believed to evolve to features like Yamal crater on land. The origin of large methane outbursts is problematic. Here we show, that the biogenic methane (13C ≤ −71‰) which formed before and during soil freezing is presently held in the permafrost. Field and experimental observations show that methane tends to accumulate at the permafrost table or in the coarse-grained lithological pockets surrounded by the sediments less-permeable for gas. Our field observations, radiocarbon dating, laboratory tests and theory all suggest that depending on the soil structure and freezing dynamics, this methane may have been displaced downwards tens of meters during freezing and has accumulated in the lithological pockets. The initial flux of methane from the one pocket disclosed by drilling was at a rate of more than 2.5 kg C(CH4) m−2 h−1. The age of the methane was 8–18 thousand years younger than the age of the sediments, suggesting that it was displaced tens of meters during freezing. The theoretical background provided the insight on the cryogenic displacement of methane in support of the field and experimental data. Upon freezing of sediments, methane follows water migration and either dissipates in the freezing soils or concentrates at certain places controlled by the freezing rate, initial methane distribution and soil structure. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gleb Kraev Ernst-Detlef Schulze Alla Yurova Alexander Kholodov Evgeny Chuvilin Elizaveta Rivkina |
author_facet |
Gleb Kraev Ernst-Detlef Schulze Alla Yurova Alexander Kholodov Evgeny Chuvilin Elizaveta Rivkina |
author_sort |
Gleb Kraev |
title |
Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
title_short |
Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
title_full |
Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
title_fullStr |
Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils |
title_sort |
cryogenic displacement and accumulation of biogenic methane in frozen soils |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic permafrost Thermokarst |
genre_facet |
Arctic permafrost Thermokarst |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 8; Issue 6; Pages: 105 |
op_relation |
Air Quality https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060105 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
105 |
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1774715154985910272 |