The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean
Nitrous oxide is a trace gas with two global environmental effects: it depletes stratospheric ozone and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Oceans are one of the most significant nitrous oxide sources; however, there are ocean areas whose contributions to the nitrous oxide budget are not yet well...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/8/11/216/ 2023-08-20T04:02:28+02:00 The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean Liyang Zhan Man Wu Liqi Chen Jixia Zhang Yuhong Li Jian Liu agris 2017-11-13 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 8; Issue 11; Pages: 216 nitrous oxide Antarctic Arctic air-sea flux Text 2017 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 2023-07-31T21:16:54Z Nitrous oxide is a trace gas with two global environmental effects: it depletes stratospheric ozone and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Oceans are one of the most significant nitrous oxide sources; however, there are ocean areas whose contributions to the nitrous oxide budget are not yet well studied. The Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean feature strong winds and portions that are covered by sea ice. These intense environmental conditions and the remoteness of these regions hamper fieldwork; hence, very limited data are available on the distributions and the source and sink characteristics of nitrous oxide. Using data from the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition and the 27th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, the first global-scale investigation of the surface water N2O distribution pattern, the factors influencing the N2O distribution and the air-sea N2O flux are discussed in this study. The results show that the tropical and subtropical regions (30° N–30° S) exhibit significant source characteristics, with a maximum air-sea flux of approximately 21.0 ± 3.9 μmol·m−2·d−1. The high air-sea flux may result from the coastal influences and high wind speeds in certain areas. The distribution patterns of N2O in the sub-polar regions (30° N–60° N, 30° S–60° S) transition from oversaturated to approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere, and the boundaries generally correspond with frontal structures. The distributions of N2O in the high-latitude Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean (>60° N and 60° S) exhibit contrasting patterns. With the exception of the continental shelf hotspot, the Arctic Ocean surface water is undersaturated with N2O; in contrast, the high-latitude Southern Ocean along the cruise track is oversaturated with N2O. The high-latitude Southern Ocean may act as a N2O source, with a maximum air-sea N2O flux of approximately 9.8 ± 0.5 μmol·m−2·d−1 at approximately 60° S, whereas the air-sea N2O flux of the Arctic Ocean is close to zero due to the low wind speed conditions at ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Southern Ocean MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean Atmosphere 8 11 216 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
nitrous oxide Antarctic Arctic air-sea flux |
spellingShingle |
nitrous oxide Antarctic Arctic air-sea flux Liyang Zhan Man Wu Liqi Chen Jixia Zhang Yuhong Li Jian Liu The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
topic_facet |
nitrous oxide Antarctic Arctic air-sea flux |
description |
Nitrous oxide is a trace gas with two global environmental effects: it depletes stratospheric ozone and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Oceans are one of the most significant nitrous oxide sources; however, there are ocean areas whose contributions to the nitrous oxide budget are not yet well studied. The Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean feature strong winds and portions that are covered by sea ice. These intense environmental conditions and the remoteness of these regions hamper fieldwork; hence, very limited data are available on the distributions and the source and sink characteristics of nitrous oxide. Using data from the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition and the 27th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, the first global-scale investigation of the surface water N2O distribution pattern, the factors influencing the N2O distribution and the air-sea N2O flux are discussed in this study. The results show that the tropical and subtropical regions (30° N–30° S) exhibit significant source characteristics, with a maximum air-sea flux of approximately 21.0 ± 3.9 μmol·m−2·d−1. The high air-sea flux may result from the coastal influences and high wind speeds in certain areas. The distribution patterns of N2O in the sub-polar regions (30° N–60° N, 30° S–60° S) transition from oversaturated to approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere, and the boundaries generally correspond with frontal structures. The distributions of N2O in the high-latitude Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean (>60° N and 60° S) exhibit contrasting patterns. With the exception of the continental shelf hotspot, the Arctic Ocean surface water is undersaturated with N2O; in contrast, the high-latitude Southern Ocean along the cruise track is oversaturated with N2O. The high-latitude Southern Ocean may act as a N2O source, with a maximum air-sea N2O flux of approximately 9.8 ± 0.5 μmol·m−2·d−1 at approximately 60° S, whereas the air-sea N2O flux of the Arctic Ocean is close to zero due to the low wind speed conditions at ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Liyang Zhan Man Wu Liqi Chen Jixia Zhang Yuhong Li Jian Liu |
author_facet |
Liyang Zhan Man Wu Liqi Chen Jixia Zhang Yuhong Li Jian Liu |
author_sort |
Liyang Zhan |
title |
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
title_short |
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
title_full |
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Air-Sea Nitrous Oxide Flux along Cruise Tracks to the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
air-sea nitrous oxide flux along cruise tracks to the arctic ocean and southern ocean |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 8; Issue 11; Pages: 216 |
op_relation |
Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110216 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
216 |
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1774712935134789632 |