A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal
The atmospheric seasonal cycle of the North Atlantic region is dominated by meridional movements of the circulation systems: from the tropics, where the West African Monsoon and extreme tropical weather events take place, to the extratropics, where the circulation is dominated by seasonal changes in...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/7/7/87/ 2023-08-20T04:08:10+02:00 A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca Roberto Suárez-Moreno Blanca Ayarzagüena Jorge López-Parages Iñigo Gómara Julián Villamayor Elsa Mohino Teresa Losada Antonio Castaño-Tierno agris 2016-06-25 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 7; Issue 7; Pages: 87 El Niño-Southern Oscillation North Atlantic region teleconnections Western African Monsoon hurricanes stratosphere Euro-Mediterranean rainfall North Atlantic Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation non-stationarity Text 2016 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 2023-07-31T20:54:35Z The atmospheric seasonal cycle of the North Atlantic region is dominated by meridional movements of the circulation systems: from the tropics, where the West African Monsoon and extreme tropical weather events take place, to the extratropics, where the circulation is dominated by seasonal changes in the jetstream and extratropical cyclones. Climate variability over the North Atlantic is controlled by various mechanisms. Atmospheric internal variability plays a crucial role in the mid-latitudes. However, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is still the main source of predictability in this region situated far away from the Pacific. Although the ENSO influence over tropical and extra-tropical areas is related to different physical mechanisms, in both regions this teleconnection seems to be non-stationary in time and modulated by multidecadal changes of the mean flow. Nowadays, long observational records (greater than 100 years) and modeling projects (e.g., CMIP) permit detecting non-stationarities in the influence of ENSO over the Atlantic basin, and further analyzing its potential mechanisms. The present article reviews the ENSO influence over the Atlantic region, paying special attention to the stability of this teleconnection over time and the possible modulators. Evidence is given that the ENSO–Atlantic teleconnection is weak over the North Atlantic. In this regard, the multidecadal ocean variability seems to modulate the presence of teleconnections, which can lead to important impacts of ENSO and to open windows of opportunity for seasonal predictability. Text North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation MDPI Open Access Publishing Pacific Atmosphere 7 7 87 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
El Niño-Southern Oscillation North Atlantic region teleconnections Western African Monsoon hurricanes stratosphere Euro-Mediterranean rainfall North Atlantic Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation non-stationarity |
spellingShingle |
El Niño-Southern Oscillation North Atlantic region teleconnections Western African Monsoon hurricanes stratosphere Euro-Mediterranean rainfall North Atlantic Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation non-stationarity Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca Roberto Suárez-Moreno Blanca Ayarzagüena Jorge López-Parages Iñigo Gómara Julián Villamayor Elsa Mohino Teresa Losada Antonio Castaño-Tierno A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
topic_facet |
El Niño-Southern Oscillation North Atlantic region teleconnections Western African Monsoon hurricanes stratosphere Euro-Mediterranean rainfall North Atlantic Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation non-stationarity |
description |
The atmospheric seasonal cycle of the North Atlantic region is dominated by meridional movements of the circulation systems: from the tropics, where the West African Monsoon and extreme tropical weather events take place, to the extratropics, where the circulation is dominated by seasonal changes in the jetstream and extratropical cyclones. Climate variability over the North Atlantic is controlled by various mechanisms. Atmospheric internal variability plays a crucial role in the mid-latitudes. However, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is still the main source of predictability in this region situated far away from the Pacific. Although the ENSO influence over tropical and extra-tropical areas is related to different physical mechanisms, in both regions this teleconnection seems to be non-stationary in time and modulated by multidecadal changes of the mean flow. Nowadays, long observational records (greater than 100 years) and modeling projects (e.g., CMIP) permit detecting non-stationarities in the influence of ENSO over the Atlantic basin, and further analyzing its potential mechanisms. The present article reviews the ENSO influence over the Atlantic region, paying special attention to the stability of this teleconnection over time and the possible modulators. Evidence is given that the ENSO–Atlantic teleconnection is weak over the North Atlantic. In this regard, the multidecadal ocean variability seems to modulate the presence of teleconnections, which can lead to important impacts of ENSO and to open windows of opportunity for seasonal predictability. |
format |
Text |
author |
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca Roberto Suárez-Moreno Blanca Ayarzagüena Jorge López-Parages Iñigo Gómara Julián Villamayor Elsa Mohino Teresa Losada Antonio Castaño-Tierno |
author_facet |
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca Roberto Suárez-Moreno Blanca Ayarzagüena Jorge López-Parages Iñigo Gómara Julián Villamayor Elsa Mohino Teresa Losada Antonio Castaño-Tierno |
author_sort |
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca |
title |
A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
title_short |
A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
title_full |
A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
title_fullStr |
A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal |
title_sort |
review of enso influence on the north atlantic. a non-stationary signal |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 7; Issue 7; Pages: 87 |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
87 |
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1774720293812568064 |