Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms
The ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese contine...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/14/6/949/ 2023-08-20T04:08:16+02:00 Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova agris 2023-05-29 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Upper Atmosphere https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 949 TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 2023-08-01T10:16:18Z The ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese continental and insular territory) are studied in an attempt to fill this gap. It was found that for most of the studied geomagnetic storms, TEC variations are synchronous for the longitudinal ranges from 27° W and 9° W. In the southern part of the studied region (around 32° N), the amplitude of TEC variations is, in general, significantly higher than in the northern part (around 39° N). Some of the studied geomagnetic storms were associated with TEC variations that we interpret as effects of post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles that travelled well north from their habitual region. Additionally, though most of the studied storms were accompanied by reports on different kinds of malfunction of GNSS systems (GPS; GALILEO and other), there is no clear pattern in their appearance in dependence on the geomagnetic/ionospheric storms’ strength, commencement time, and its characteristics, in general. Text North Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Atmosphere 14 6 949 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
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TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS |
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TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
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TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS |
description |
The ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese continental and insular territory) are studied in an attempt to fill this gap. It was found that for most of the studied geomagnetic storms, TEC variations are synchronous for the longitudinal ranges from 27° W and 9° W. In the southern part of the studied region (around 32° N), the amplitude of TEC variations is, in general, significantly higher than in the northern part (around 39° N). Some of the studied geomagnetic storms were associated with TEC variations that we interpret as effects of post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles that travelled well north from their habitual region. Additionally, though most of the studied storms were accompanied by reports on different kinds of malfunction of GNSS systems (GPS; GALILEO and other), there is no clear pattern in their appearance in dependence on the geomagnetic/ionospheric storms’ strength, commencement time, and its characteristics, in general. |
format |
Text |
author |
Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova |
author_facet |
Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova |
author_sort |
Teresa Barata |
title |
Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
title_short |
Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
title_full |
Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
title_fullStr |
Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
title_sort |
ionosphere over eastern north atlantic midlatitudinal zone during geomagnetic storms |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 14; Issue 6; Pages: 949 |
op_relation |
Upper Atmosphere https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060949 |
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Atmosphere |
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14 |
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6 |
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949 |
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1774720443115110400 |