Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss
The impact on the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio from Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model for their important roles during climate change. Results show that the Gulf Stream (Kuroshio) weakens (strengthens) in response to Arctic sea ice loss...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 |
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/13/4/514/ 2023-08-20T04:03:35+02:00 Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss Kun Wang Linyue Wu Haiwen Liu Bo Dan Haijin Dai Clara Deser agris 2022-03-23 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 514 Arctic sea ice loss subtropical western boundary currents AMOC air–sea interaction warming hole Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 2023-08-01T04:32:52Z The impact on the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio from Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model for their important roles during climate change. Results show that the Gulf Stream (Kuroshio) weakens (strengthens) in response to Arctic sea ice loss via ocean (atmosphere) adjustments. More precisely, the Kuroshio acceleration is mainly due to the anomalous wind stress over the North Pacific, while the ocean gyre adjustments in the Atlantic are responsible for the weakened Gulf Stream. As positive buoyancy fluxes induced by Arctic sea ice loss trigger a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the Gulf Stream decelerates evidently and the current speed decreases by about 5–8 cm/s in the upper ocean. Resulting from less advection and horizontal diffusion in the temperature budget, less poleward warm water leads to narrow sea surface cooling sandwiched between strong warming in the subpolar and subtropical Atlantic. Furthermore, colder surface decreases the upward heat flux (mainly latent heat flux) along the Gulf Stream Extension (GE) path, which leads to a warming hole in the atmosphere. Text Arctic Climate change Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Pacific Atmosphere 13 4 514 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic sea ice loss subtropical western boundary currents AMOC air–sea interaction warming hole |
spellingShingle |
Arctic sea ice loss subtropical western boundary currents AMOC air–sea interaction warming hole Kun Wang Linyue Wu Haiwen Liu Bo Dan Haijin Dai Clara Deser Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
topic_facet |
Arctic sea ice loss subtropical western boundary currents AMOC air–sea interaction warming hole |
description |
The impact on the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio from Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model for their important roles during climate change. Results show that the Gulf Stream (Kuroshio) weakens (strengthens) in response to Arctic sea ice loss via ocean (atmosphere) adjustments. More precisely, the Kuroshio acceleration is mainly due to the anomalous wind stress over the North Pacific, while the ocean gyre adjustments in the Atlantic are responsible for the weakened Gulf Stream. As positive buoyancy fluxes induced by Arctic sea ice loss trigger a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the Gulf Stream decelerates evidently and the current speed decreases by about 5–8 cm/s in the upper ocean. Resulting from less advection and horizontal diffusion in the temperature budget, less poleward warm water leads to narrow sea surface cooling sandwiched between strong warming in the subpolar and subtropical Atlantic. Furthermore, colder surface decreases the upward heat flux (mainly latent heat flux) along the Gulf Stream Extension (GE) path, which leads to a warming hole in the atmosphere. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kun Wang Linyue Wu Haiwen Liu Bo Dan Haijin Dai Clara Deser |
author_facet |
Kun Wang Linyue Wu Haiwen Liu Bo Dan Haijin Dai Clara Deser |
author_sort |
Kun Wang |
title |
Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
title_short |
Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
title_full |
Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
title_fullStr |
Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contrary Responses of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio to Arctic Sea Ice Loss |
title_sort |
contrary responses of the gulf stream and the kuroshio to arctic sea ice loss |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 514 |
op_relation |
Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040514 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
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13 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
514 |
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1774714022774439936 |