Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019
The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of t...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/12/4/454/ 2023-08-20T04:02:26+02:00 Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 Andrew R. Jakovlev Sergei P. Smyshlyaev Vener Y. Galin agris 2021-04-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 454 reanalysis data chemistry-climate model southern oscillation El-Nino La-Nina sea surface temperature temperature of air CO 2 low troposphere low stratosphere Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 2023-08-01T01:25:37Z The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role. Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Antarctic Atmosphere 12 4 454 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
reanalysis data chemistry-climate model southern oscillation El-Nino La-Nina sea surface temperature temperature of air CO 2 low troposphere low stratosphere |
spellingShingle |
reanalysis data chemistry-climate model southern oscillation El-Nino La-Nina sea surface temperature temperature of air CO 2 low troposphere low stratosphere Andrew R. Jakovlev Sergei P. Smyshlyaev Vener Y. Galin Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
topic_facet |
reanalysis data chemistry-climate model southern oscillation El-Nino La-Nina sea surface temperature temperature of air CO 2 low troposphere low stratosphere |
description |
The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role. |
format |
Text |
author |
Andrew R. Jakovlev Sergei P. Smyshlyaev Vener Y. Galin |
author_facet |
Andrew R. Jakovlev Sergei P. Smyshlyaev Vener Y. Galin |
author_sort |
Andrew R. Jakovlev |
title |
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
title_short |
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
title_full |
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
title_fullStr |
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019 |
title_sort |
interannual variability and trends in sea surface temperature, lower and middle atmosphere temperature at different latitudes for 1980–2019 |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 454 |
op_relation |
Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040454 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
454 |
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1774712891461599232 |