Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis
Predicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other p...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/12/1/99/ 2023-08-20T04:08:20+02:00 Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc agris 2021-01-12 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 99 NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 2023-08-01T00:50:53Z Predicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other persistent indices called teleconnection patterns can be used, namely the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The NAO affects the precipitation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean countries, such as in Turkey. The IOD is related to temperature and precipitation in the Indian Ocean coastal countries and in some areas far from the Indian Ocean. In this study, the effects of the NAO and IOD indices on precipitation in Turkey were investigated by means of cross-spectral analysis between the monthly total precipitation (mm) and monthly NAO and IOD index values. Phase shift values were also calculated for the selected periods and their accuracy was evaluated statistically, using the determination coefficient (R2) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) as performance criteria for the linear model. The results indicated strong correlations for the 13-, 14-, 16-, and 22–23-month periods between the NAO index and precipitation values; and for the 13-, 14-, 16–17-, and 20–21-month periods between the IOD index and precipitation values. After cross-spectral analysis between the NAO and IOD indices and precipitation values, the maximum phase shift values increased as the periods increased, while the maximum phase shift value for each period was almost half of the period value. Moreover, the maximum cross-power spectral density (CPSD) values increased as the periods increased. High CPSD values were observed in the west of Turkey for the NAO and in the east of Turkey for the IOD. Text North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation MDPI Open Access Publishing Indian Atmosphere 12 1 99 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
topic |
NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey |
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NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
topic_facet |
NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey |
description |
Predicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other persistent indices called teleconnection patterns can be used, namely the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The NAO affects the precipitation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean countries, such as in Turkey. The IOD is related to temperature and precipitation in the Indian Ocean coastal countries and in some areas far from the Indian Ocean. In this study, the effects of the NAO and IOD indices on precipitation in Turkey were investigated by means of cross-spectral analysis between the monthly total precipitation (mm) and monthly NAO and IOD index values. Phase shift values were also calculated for the selected periods and their accuracy was evaluated statistically, using the determination coefficient (R2) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) as performance criteria for the linear model. The results indicated strong correlations for the 13-, 14-, 16-, and 22–23-month periods between the NAO index and precipitation values; and for the 13-, 14-, 16–17-, and 20–21-month periods between the IOD index and precipitation values. After cross-spectral analysis between the NAO and IOD indices and precipitation values, the maximum phase shift values increased as the periods increased, while the maximum phase shift value for each period was almost half of the period value. Moreover, the maximum cross-power spectral density (CPSD) values increased as the periods increased. High CPSD values were observed in the west of Turkey for the NAO and in the east of Turkey for the IOD. |
format |
Text |
author |
Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc |
author_facet |
Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc |
author_sort |
Umut Sakine Demir |
title |
Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
title_short |
Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
title_full |
Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
title_sort |
investigation of the north atlantic oscillation and indian ocean dipole influence on precipitation in turkey with cross-spectral analysis |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 99 |
op_relation |
Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010099 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
99 |
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1774720531618070528 |