Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast
The necessity to reduce C O 2 emissions in combination with the rising energy demand worldwide makes the extensive use of renewable energy sources increasingly important. To that end, countries with long coastlines, such as Norway, can exploit ocean wave energy to produce large amounts of power. In...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4433/11/2/166/ 2023-08-20T04:05:30+02:00 Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast Konstantinos Christakos George Varlas Ioannis Cheliotis Christos Spyrou Ole Johan Aarnes Birgitte Rugaard Furevik agris 2020-02-05 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Atmosphere; Volume 11; Issue 2; Pages: 166 wave energy flux renewable energy Norway North Sea Norwegian Sea Barents Sea wind sea swell Text 2020 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 2023-07-31T23:04:41Z The necessity to reduce C O 2 emissions in combination with the rising energy demand worldwide makes the extensive use of renewable energy sources increasingly important. To that end, countries with long coastlines, such as Norway, can exploit ocean wave energy to produce large amounts of power. In order to facilitate these efforts as well as to provide quantitative data on the wave energy potential of a specific area, it is essential to analyze the weather and climatic conditions detecting any variabilities. The complex physical processes and the atmosphere-wave synergetic effects make the investigation of temporal variability of wave energy a challenging issue. This work aims to shed new light on potential wave energy mapping, presenting a spatio-temporal assessment of swell- and wind-sea-induced energy flux in the Nordic Seas with a focus on the Norwegian coastline using the NORA10 hindcast for the period 1958–2017 (59 years). The results indicate high spatial and seasonal variability of the wave energy flux along the coast. The maximum wave energy flux is observed during winter, while the minimum is observed during summer. The highest coastal wave energy flux is observed in the Norwegian Sea. The majority of areas with dominant swell conditions (i.e., in the Norwegian Sea) are characterized by the highest coastal wave energy flux. The maximum values of wave energy flux in the North Sea are denoted in its northern parts in the intersection with the Norwegian Sea. In contrast to the Norwegian Sea, areas located in the North Sea and the Barents Sea show that wind sea is contributing more than swell to the total wave energy flux. Text Barents Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea MDPI Open Access Publishing Barents Sea Norway Norwegian Sea Atmosphere 11 2 166 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
wave energy flux renewable energy Norway North Sea Norwegian Sea Barents Sea wind sea swell |
spellingShingle |
wave energy flux renewable energy Norway North Sea Norwegian Sea Barents Sea wind sea swell Konstantinos Christakos George Varlas Ioannis Cheliotis Christos Spyrou Ole Johan Aarnes Birgitte Rugaard Furevik Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
topic_facet |
wave energy flux renewable energy Norway North Sea Norwegian Sea Barents Sea wind sea swell |
description |
The necessity to reduce C O 2 emissions in combination with the rising energy demand worldwide makes the extensive use of renewable energy sources increasingly important. To that end, countries with long coastlines, such as Norway, can exploit ocean wave energy to produce large amounts of power. In order to facilitate these efforts as well as to provide quantitative data on the wave energy potential of a specific area, it is essential to analyze the weather and climatic conditions detecting any variabilities. The complex physical processes and the atmosphere-wave synergetic effects make the investigation of temporal variability of wave energy a challenging issue. This work aims to shed new light on potential wave energy mapping, presenting a spatio-temporal assessment of swell- and wind-sea-induced energy flux in the Nordic Seas with a focus on the Norwegian coastline using the NORA10 hindcast for the period 1958–2017 (59 years). The results indicate high spatial and seasonal variability of the wave energy flux along the coast. The maximum wave energy flux is observed during winter, while the minimum is observed during summer. The highest coastal wave energy flux is observed in the Norwegian Sea. The majority of areas with dominant swell conditions (i.e., in the Norwegian Sea) are characterized by the highest coastal wave energy flux. The maximum values of wave energy flux in the North Sea are denoted in its northern parts in the intersection with the Norwegian Sea. In contrast to the Norwegian Sea, areas located in the North Sea and the Barents Sea show that wind sea is contributing more than swell to the total wave energy flux. |
format |
Text |
author |
Konstantinos Christakos George Varlas Ioannis Cheliotis Christos Spyrou Ole Johan Aarnes Birgitte Rugaard Furevik |
author_facet |
Konstantinos Christakos George Varlas Ioannis Cheliotis Christos Spyrou Ole Johan Aarnes Birgitte Rugaard Furevik |
author_sort |
Konstantinos Christakos |
title |
Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
title_short |
Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
title_full |
Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Wind-Sea- and Swell-Induced Wave Energy along the Norwegian Coast |
title_sort |
characterization of wind-sea- and swell-induced wave energy along the norwegian coast |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Barents Sea Norway Norwegian Sea |
geographic_facet |
Barents Sea Norway Norwegian Sea |
genre |
Barents Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea |
genre_facet |
Barents Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea |
op_source |
Atmosphere; Volume 11; Issue 2; Pages: 166 |
op_relation |
Climatology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020166 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
166 |
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1774716045318160384 |