Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in fish immune responses. However, no study has previously characterized the impact of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) and formalin-killed typical Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL) on miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon fed a commercial diet with and wi...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4409/8/12/1592/ 2023-08-20T04:05:17+02:00 Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Xi Xue Nardos Tesfaye Woldemariam Albert Caballero-Solares Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Mark D. Fast Richard G. Taylor Matthew L. Rise Rune Andreassen 2019-12-07 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Cell and Gene Therapy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cells; Volume 8; Issue 12; Pages: 1592 CpG ODN immunostimulant functional feed immune response miRNA biomarker sequencing Atlantic salmon Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 2023-07-31T22:52:28Z MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in fish immune responses. However, no study has previously characterized the impact of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) and formalin-killed typical Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL) on miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon fed a commercial diet with and without immunostimulant CpG. To this end, first, we performed small RNA deep sequencing and qPCR analyses to identify and confirm pIC- and/or ASAL-responsive miRNAs in the head kidney of salmon fed a control diet. DESeq2 analyses identified 12 and 18 miRNAs differentially expressed in pIC and ASAL groups, respectively, compared to the controls. Fifteen of these miRNAs were studied by qPCR; nine remained significant by qPCR. Five miRNAs (miR-27d-1-2-5p, miR-29b-2-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146a-1-2-3p, miR-221-5p) were shown by qPCR to be significantly induced by both pIC and ASAL. Second, the effect of CpG-containing functional feed on miRNA expression was investigated by qPCR. In pre-injection samples, 6 of 15 miRNAs (e.g., miR-181a-5-3p, miR-462a-3p, miR-722-3p) had significantly lower expression in fish fed CpG diet than control diet. In contrast, several miRNAs (e.g., miR-146a-1-2-3p, miR-192a-5p, miR-194a-5p) in the PBS- and ASAL-injected groups had significantly higher expression in CpG-fed fish. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed that the CpG diet had a greater impact on miRNA expression in ASAL-injected compared with pIC-injected fish. This study identified immune-relevant miRNA biomarkers that will be valuable in the development of diets to combat infectious diseases of salmon. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar MDPI Open Access Publishing Cells 8 12 1592 |
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ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
CpG ODN immunostimulant functional feed immune response miRNA biomarker sequencing Atlantic salmon |
spellingShingle |
CpG ODN immunostimulant functional feed immune response miRNA biomarker sequencing Atlantic salmon Xi Xue Nardos Tesfaye Woldemariam Albert Caballero-Solares Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Mark D. Fast Richard G. Taylor Matthew L. Rise Rune Andreassen Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
CpG ODN immunostimulant functional feed immune response miRNA biomarker sequencing Atlantic salmon |
description |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in fish immune responses. However, no study has previously characterized the impact of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) and formalin-killed typical Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL) on miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon fed a commercial diet with and without immunostimulant CpG. To this end, first, we performed small RNA deep sequencing and qPCR analyses to identify and confirm pIC- and/or ASAL-responsive miRNAs in the head kidney of salmon fed a control diet. DESeq2 analyses identified 12 and 18 miRNAs differentially expressed in pIC and ASAL groups, respectively, compared to the controls. Fifteen of these miRNAs were studied by qPCR; nine remained significant by qPCR. Five miRNAs (miR-27d-1-2-5p, miR-29b-2-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146a-1-2-3p, miR-221-5p) were shown by qPCR to be significantly induced by both pIC and ASAL. Second, the effect of CpG-containing functional feed on miRNA expression was investigated by qPCR. In pre-injection samples, 6 of 15 miRNAs (e.g., miR-181a-5-3p, miR-462a-3p, miR-722-3p) had significantly lower expression in fish fed CpG diet than control diet. In contrast, several miRNAs (e.g., miR-146a-1-2-3p, miR-192a-5p, miR-194a-5p) in the PBS- and ASAL-injected groups had significantly higher expression in CpG-fed fish. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed that the CpG diet had a greater impact on miRNA expression in ASAL-injected compared with pIC-injected fish. This study identified immune-relevant miRNA biomarkers that will be valuable in the development of diets to combat infectious diseases of salmon. |
format |
Text |
author |
Xi Xue Nardos Tesfaye Woldemariam Albert Caballero-Solares Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Mark D. Fast Richard G. Taylor Matthew L. Rise Rune Andreassen |
author_facet |
Xi Xue Nardos Tesfaye Woldemariam Albert Caballero-Solares Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Mark D. Fast Richard G. Taylor Matthew L. Rise Rune Andreassen |
author_sort |
Xi Xue |
title |
Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary Immunostimulant CpG Modulates MicroRNA Biomarkers Associated with Immune Responses in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
dietary immunostimulant cpg modulates microrna biomarkers associated with immune responses in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Cells; Volume 8; Issue 12; Pages: 1592 |
op_relation |
Cell and Gene Therapy https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121592 |
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Cells |
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