Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals
Incredible as it is, researchers have now the awareness that even the most extreme environment includes special habitats that host several forms of life. Cold environments cover different compartments of the cryosphere, as sea and freshwater ice, glaciers, snow, and permafrost. Although these are ve...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4352/12/3/312/ 2023-08-20T04:07:08+02:00 Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals Carmen Rizzo Angelina Lo Giudice 2022-02-23 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Biomolecular Crystals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Crystals; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 312 cryosphere ice crystals cold-adapted bacteria Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 2023-08-01T04:15:33Z Incredible as it is, researchers have now the awareness that even the most extreme environment includes special habitats that host several forms of life. Cold environments cover different compartments of the cryosphere, as sea and freshwater ice, glaciers, snow, and permafrost. Although these are very particular environmental compartments in which various stressors coexist (i.e., freeze–thaw cycles, scarce water availability, irradiance conditions, and poorness of nutrients), diverse specialized microbial communities are harbored. This raises many intriguing questions, many of which are still unresolved. For instance, a challenging focus is to understand if microorganisms survive trapped frozen among ice crystals for long periods of time or if they indeed remain metabolically active. Likewise, a look at their site-specific diversity and at their putative geochemical activity is demanded, as well as at the equally interesting microbial activity at subzero temperatures. The production of special molecules such as strategy of adaptations, cryoprotectants, and ice crystal-controlling molecules is even more intriguing. This paper aims at reviewing all these aspects with the intent of providing a thorough overview of the main contributors in investigating the microbial life in the cryosphere, touching on the themes of diversity, adaptation, and metabolic potential. Text Ice permafrost MDPI Open Access Publishing Crystals 12 3 312 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
topic |
cryosphere ice crystals cold-adapted bacteria |
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cryosphere ice crystals cold-adapted bacteria Carmen Rizzo Angelina Lo Giudice Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
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cryosphere ice crystals cold-adapted bacteria |
description |
Incredible as it is, researchers have now the awareness that even the most extreme environment includes special habitats that host several forms of life. Cold environments cover different compartments of the cryosphere, as sea and freshwater ice, glaciers, snow, and permafrost. Although these are very particular environmental compartments in which various stressors coexist (i.e., freeze–thaw cycles, scarce water availability, irradiance conditions, and poorness of nutrients), diverse specialized microbial communities are harbored. This raises many intriguing questions, many of which are still unresolved. For instance, a challenging focus is to understand if microorganisms survive trapped frozen among ice crystals for long periods of time or if they indeed remain metabolically active. Likewise, a look at their site-specific diversity and at their putative geochemical activity is demanded, as well as at the equally interesting microbial activity at subzero temperatures. The production of special molecules such as strategy of adaptations, cryoprotectants, and ice crystal-controlling molecules is even more intriguing. This paper aims at reviewing all these aspects with the intent of providing a thorough overview of the main contributors in investigating the microbial life in the cryosphere, touching on the themes of diversity, adaptation, and metabolic potential. |
format |
Text |
author |
Carmen Rizzo Angelina Lo Giudice |
author_facet |
Carmen Rizzo Angelina Lo Giudice |
author_sort |
Carmen Rizzo |
title |
Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
title_short |
Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
title_full |
Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
title_fullStr |
Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Life from a Snowflake: Diversity and Adaptation of Cold-Loving Bacteria among Ice Crystals |
title_sort |
life from a snowflake: diversity and adaptation of cold-loving bacteria among ice crystals |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 |
genre |
Ice permafrost |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost |
op_source |
Crystals; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 312 |
op_relation |
Biomolecular Crystals https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030312 |
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Crystals |
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12 |
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3 |
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312 |
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