Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo
Despite the invaluable role of anesthetics as a tool for ensuring animal welfare in stressful situations, there is currently a lack of anesthetic drugs that meet the requirements of intensive aquaculture. In response to the growing interest in anesthetic substances of natural origin, this study eval...
Published in: | Toxins |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 |
id |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-6651/14/8/575/ |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-6651/14/8/575/ 2023-08-20T04:05:17+02:00 Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo Ana Teresa Gonçalves Alejandra Llanos-Rivera Miguel Ruano Veronica Avello Juan José Gallardo-Rodriguez Allisson Astuya-Villalón agris 2022-08-22 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Marine and Freshwater Toxins https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Toxins; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 575 natural anesthetic welfare practices Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) physiological response Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 2023-08-01T06:10:41Z Despite the invaluable role of anesthetics as a tool for ensuring animal welfare in stressful situations, there is currently a lack of anesthetic drugs that meet the requirements of intensive aquaculture. In response to the growing interest in anesthetic substances of natural origin, this study evaluated the physiological and health impact of an anesthetic based on an extract of the microalga Heterosigma akashiwo on juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) exposed for a period of 72 h. To simulate a condition closer to reality where fish are subjected to stimuli (e.g., transport), the animals were exposed to 50 mg L−1 of algal extract and to physical stress. Functional, physiological, and histological parameters were evaluated in blood and tissues at different sampling periods (0, 24, and 72 h). There was no mortality and the induction and recovery times observed were within the established criteria for anesthetic efficacy. The anesthetic extract did not induce any side effects, such as stress or metabolic damage, indicating that this extract is a viable option for supporting fish welfare during deleterious events. This study provides information to support that the anesthetic extract tested, derived from H. akashiwo, is a promising candidate drug for operations requiring sedation (e.g., Salmonid transport). Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar MDPI Open Access Publishing Toxins 14 8 575 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
natural anesthetic welfare practices Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) physiological response |
spellingShingle |
natural anesthetic welfare practices Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) physiological response Ana Teresa Gonçalves Alejandra Llanos-Rivera Miguel Ruano Veronica Avello Juan José Gallardo-Rodriguez Allisson Astuya-Villalón Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
topic_facet |
natural anesthetic welfare practices Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) physiological response |
description |
Despite the invaluable role of anesthetics as a tool for ensuring animal welfare in stressful situations, there is currently a lack of anesthetic drugs that meet the requirements of intensive aquaculture. In response to the growing interest in anesthetic substances of natural origin, this study evaluated the physiological and health impact of an anesthetic based on an extract of the microalga Heterosigma akashiwo on juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) exposed for a period of 72 h. To simulate a condition closer to reality where fish are subjected to stimuli (e.g., transport), the animals were exposed to 50 mg L−1 of algal extract and to physical stress. Functional, physiological, and histological parameters were evaluated in blood and tissues at different sampling periods (0, 24, and 72 h). There was no mortality and the induction and recovery times observed were within the established criteria for anesthetic efficacy. The anesthetic extract did not induce any side effects, such as stress or metabolic damage, indicating that this extract is a viable option for supporting fish welfare during deleterious events. This study provides information to support that the anesthetic extract tested, derived from H. akashiwo, is a promising candidate drug for operations requiring sedation (e.g., Salmonid transport). |
format |
Text |
author |
Ana Teresa Gonçalves Alejandra Llanos-Rivera Miguel Ruano Veronica Avello Juan José Gallardo-Rodriguez Allisson Astuya-Villalón |
author_facet |
Ana Teresa Gonçalves Alejandra Llanos-Rivera Miguel Ruano Veronica Avello Juan José Gallardo-Rodriguez Allisson Astuya-Villalón |
author_sort |
Ana Teresa Gonçalves |
title |
Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
title_short |
Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
title_full |
Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
title_fullStr |
Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiological Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Long-Term Exposure to an Anesthetic Obtained from Heterosigma akashiwo |
title_sort |
physiological response of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) to long-term exposure to an anesthetic obtained from heterosigma akashiwo |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Toxins; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 575 |
op_relation |
Marine and Freshwater Toxins https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080575 |
container_title |
Toxins |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
575 |
_version_ |
1774715786060890112 |