Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevale...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-6651/11/6/306/ 2023-08-20T04:08:17+02:00 Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) Marisa Silva Inés Rodríguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos agris 2019-05-29 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Marine and Freshwater Toxins https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Toxins; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 306 tetrodotoxin new vectors North Atlantic Waters Text 2019 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 2023-07-31T22:19:02Z Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus. Text North Atlantic Nucella lapillus MDPI Open Access Publishing Toxins 11 6 306 |
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English |
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tetrodotoxin new vectors North Atlantic Waters |
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tetrodotoxin new vectors North Atlantic Waters Marisa Silva Inés Rodríguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
topic_facet |
tetrodotoxin new vectors North Atlantic Waters |
description |
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus. |
format |
Text |
author |
Marisa Silva Inés Rodríguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_facet |
Marisa Silva Inés Rodríguez Aldo Barreiro Manfred Kaufmann Ana Isabel Neto Meryem Hassouani Brahim Sabour Amparo Alfonso Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_sort |
Marisa Silva |
title |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_short |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_full |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_fullStr |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_sort |
tetrodotoxins occurrence in non-traditional vectors of the north atlantic waters (portuguese maritime territory, and morocco coast) |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
North Atlantic Nucella lapillus |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Nucella lapillus |
op_source |
Toxins; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 306 |
op_relation |
Marine and Freshwater Toxins https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
container_title |
Toxins |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
306 |
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1774720468499038208 |