Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe
Dermal synthesis, following sun exposure, is the main source of vitamin D. This study characterizes ambient UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. A biological weighing function was applied to data from the Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for 46 capital...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-6643/14/23/5189/ 2023-08-20T04:07:31+02:00 Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe Tarinee Khanna Rasha Shraim Masa Zarkovic Michiel van Weele Jos van Geffen Lina Zgaga agris 2022-12-06 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Nutrition and Public Health https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Nutrients; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5189 ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation Europe vitamin D public health vitamin D supplementation sun exposure Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 2023-08-01T07:40:30Z Dermal synthesis, following sun exposure, is the main source of vitamin D. This study characterizes ambient UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. A biological weighing function was applied to data from the Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for 46 capital cities over an 18-year period (2004–2021) to isolate wavelengths relevant for vitamin D production (D-UVB). Cumulative and weighted D-UVB (CW-D-UVB) were calculated to approximate seasonal vitamin D accumulation and diminution. Monthly 25(OH)D concentration measurements were extracted from published reports. All data were analyzed by location and time. Despite a moderate latitudinal range (35–64° N), we observed large—up to five-fold—regional differences: the highest mean diurnal D-UVB dose of 5.57 kJ/m2 (SD = 3.55 kJ/m2) was observed in Nicosia (Cyprus) and the lowest in Reykjavik (Iceland, 1.16 ± 1.29 kJ/m2). Seasonal differences in diurnal D-UVB dose were even more pronounced, with a median 36-fold difference between annual peak and trough depending on a location (range: 10- to 525-fold). The mean duration of “vitamin D winter” was 126 days but varied widely (4 to 215 days). Monthly CW-D-UVB and 25(OH)D changes were very strongly correlated: the changes in 25(OH)D concentration increased by 12.6 nmol/L for every 100 kJ/m2 increment of CW-D-UVB in population-based studies (r2 = 0.79, p-value = 1.16 × 10−37). Understanding the differences in D-UVB radiation can help understand determinants of vitamin D status and guide region- and season-specific safe and effective sunlight exposure recommendations and vitamin D supplementation guidelines. Text Iceland MDPI Open Access Publishing Nutrients 14 23 5189 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
topic |
ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation Europe vitamin D public health vitamin D supplementation sun exposure |
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ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation Europe vitamin D public health vitamin D supplementation sun exposure Tarinee Khanna Rasha Shraim Masa Zarkovic Michiel van Weele Jos van Geffen Lina Zgaga Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
topic_facet |
ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation Europe vitamin D public health vitamin D supplementation sun exposure |
description |
Dermal synthesis, following sun exposure, is the main source of vitamin D. This study characterizes ambient UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. A biological weighing function was applied to data from the Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for 46 capital cities over an 18-year period (2004–2021) to isolate wavelengths relevant for vitamin D production (D-UVB). Cumulative and weighted D-UVB (CW-D-UVB) were calculated to approximate seasonal vitamin D accumulation and diminution. Monthly 25(OH)D concentration measurements were extracted from published reports. All data were analyzed by location and time. Despite a moderate latitudinal range (35–64° N), we observed large—up to five-fold—regional differences: the highest mean diurnal D-UVB dose of 5.57 kJ/m2 (SD = 3.55 kJ/m2) was observed in Nicosia (Cyprus) and the lowest in Reykjavik (Iceland, 1.16 ± 1.29 kJ/m2). Seasonal differences in diurnal D-UVB dose were even more pronounced, with a median 36-fold difference between annual peak and trough depending on a location (range: 10- to 525-fold). The mean duration of “vitamin D winter” was 126 days but varied widely (4 to 215 days). Monthly CW-D-UVB and 25(OH)D changes were very strongly correlated: the changes in 25(OH)D concentration increased by 12.6 nmol/L for every 100 kJ/m2 increment of CW-D-UVB in population-based studies (r2 = 0.79, p-value = 1.16 × 10−37). Understanding the differences in D-UVB radiation can help understand determinants of vitamin D status and guide region- and season-specific safe and effective sunlight exposure recommendations and vitamin D supplementation guidelines. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tarinee Khanna Rasha Shraim Masa Zarkovic Michiel van Weele Jos van Geffen Lina Zgaga |
author_facet |
Tarinee Khanna Rasha Shraim Masa Zarkovic Michiel van Weele Jos van Geffen Lina Zgaga |
author_sort |
Tarinee Khanna |
title |
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
title_short |
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
title_full |
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe |
title_sort |
comprehensive analysis of seasonal and geographical variation in uvb radiation relevant for vitamin d production in europe |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Nutrients; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5189 |
op_relation |
Nutrition and Public Health https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235189 |
container_title |
Nutrients |
container_volume |
14 |
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23 |
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5189 |
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1774719201289699328 |