The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016
Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was as...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-6643/13/2/405/ 2023-08-20T04:10:11+02:00 The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 Linn Nilsen Laila A. Hopstock Guri Skeie Sameline Grimsgaard Marie W. Lundblad agris 2021-01-28 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Nutrients; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 405 public health socioeconomic status educational gradient diet energy intake macronutrient intake population-based studies Norway Text 2021 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 2023-08-01T00:57:10Z Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education and intake of total energy and macronutrients by sex using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity and smoking. The intake of macronutrients was compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. There was a positive association between education and intake of fiber and alcohol, and a negative association between education and intake of total carbohydrates and added sugar in both women and men. Participants with long tertiary education had higher odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of fiber and protein and the maximum recommended level for added sugar and had lower odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of total carbohydrates and the maximum recommended level for alcohol, compared to participants with primary education. Overall, we found that participants with higher education were more compliant with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. Text Tromsø MDPI Open Access Publishing Norway Tromsø Nutrients 13 2 405 |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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English |
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public health socioeconomic status educational gradient diet energy intake macronutrient intake population-based studies Norway |
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public health socioeconomic status educational gradient diet energy intake macronutrient intake population-based studies Norway Linn Nilsen Laila A. Hopstock Guri Skeie Sameline Grimsgaard Marie W. Lundblad The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
topic_facet |
public health socioeconomic status educational gradient diet energy intake macronutrient intake population-based studies Norway |
description |
Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education and intake of total energy and macronutrients by sex using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity and smoking. The intake of macronutrients was compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. There was a positive association between education and intake of fiber and alcohol, and a negative association between education and intake of total carbohydrates and added sugar in both women and men. Participants with long tertiary education had higher odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of fiber and protein and the maximum recommended level for added sugar and had lower odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of total carbohydrates and the maximum recommended level for alcohol, compared to participants with primary education. Overall, we found that participants with higher education were more compliant with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. |
format |
Text |
author |
Linn Nilsen Laila A. Hopstock Guri Skeie Sameline Grimsgaard Marie W. Lundblad |
author_facet |
Linn Nilsen Laila A. Hopstock Guri Skeie Sameline Grimsgaard Marie W. Lundblad |
author_sort |
Linn Nilsen |
title |
The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
title_short |
The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
title_full |
The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
title_fullStr |
The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016 |
title_sort |
educational gradient in intake of energy and macronutrients in the general adult and elderly population: the tromsø study 2015–2016 |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Norway Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Norway Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_source |
Nutrients; Volume 13; Issue 2; Pages: 405 |
op_relation |
Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020405 |
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Nutrients |
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13 |
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2 |
container_start_page |
405 |
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