Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes
Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at lar...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/15/7/1846/ 2023-08-20T04:09:27+02:00 Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies agris 2023-03-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Atmospheric Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1846 swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone Text 2023 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 2023-08-01T09:30:10Z Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at larger electron densities, usually during the daytime. At low electron densities less than 3 × 1010 m−3, the ratios were typically above 1, indicating an overestimation effect. The overestimation effect was stronger at night and for Swarm B. It was more evident at lower solar activity when the electron densities in the topside ionosphere were lower. Text Resolute Bay MDPI Open Access Publishing Resolute Bay ENVELOPE(-94.842,-94.842,74.677,74.677) Langmuir ENVELOPE(-67.150,-67.150,-66.967,-66.967) Remote Sensing 15 7 1846 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone |
spellingShingle |
swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
topic_facet |
swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone |
description |
Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at larger electron densities, usually during the daytime. At low electron densities less than 3 × 1010 m−3, the ratios were typically above 1, indicating an overestimation effect. The overestimation effect was stronger at night and for Swarm B. It was more evident at lower solar activity when the electron densities in the topside ionosphere were lower. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies |
author_facet |
Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies |
author_sort |
Hayden Fast |
title |
Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
title_short |
Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
title_full |
Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
title_fullStr |
Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
title_sort |
validation of swarm langmuir probes by incoherent scatter radars at high latitudes |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-94.842,-94.842,74.677,74.677) ENVELOPE(-67.150,-67.150,-66.967,-66.967) |
geographic |
Resolute Bay Langmuir |
geographic_facet |
Resolute Bay Langmuir |
genre |
Resolute Bay |
genre_facet |
Resolute Bay |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 7; Pages: 1846 |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15071846 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
1846 |
_version_ |
1774722409963716608 |