Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic
Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and l...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/9/2175/ 2023-08-20T03:59:33+02:00 Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim agris 2022-04-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 9; Pages: 2175 arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms environmental processes community coastal erosion Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 2023-08-01T04:56:08Z Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and limited understanding of the environmental processes’ controls since the beginning of the 21st century. We present a new high spatiotemporal record (2000–2019) across the Northwest Canadian Arctic, using MODIS Terra satellite imagery to determine maximum landfast ice extent (MLIE) at the start of each melt season. Average MLIE across the Northwest Canadian Arctic declined by 73% in a direct comparison between the first and last year of the study period, but this was highly variable across regional to community scales, ranging from 14% around North Banks Island to 81% in the Amundsen Gulf. The variability was largely a reflection of 5–8-year cycles between landfast ice rich and poor periods with no discernible trend in MLIE. Interannual variability over the 20-year record of MLIE extent was more constrained across open, relatively uniform, and shallower sloping coastlines such as West Banks Island, in contrast with a more varied pattern across the numerous bays, headlands, and straits enclosed within the deep Amundsen Gulf. Static physiographic controls (namely, topography and bathymetry) were found to influence MLIE change across regional sites, but no association was found with dynamic environmental controls (storm duration, mean air temperature, and freezing and thawing degree day occurrence). For example, despite an exponential increase in storm duration from 2014 to 2019 (from 30 h to 140 h or a 350% increase) across the Mackenzie Delta, MLIE extents remained relatively consistent. Mean air temperatures and freezing and thawing degree day occurrences (over 1, 3, and 12-month periods) also reflected progressive northwards warming influences over the last two decades, but none showed a statistically significant ... Text Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Mackenzie Delta ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) Remote Sensing 14 9 2175 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms environmental processes community coastal erosion |
spellingShingle |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms environmental processes community coastal erosion Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
topic_facet |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms environmental processes community coastal erosion |
description |
Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and limited understanding of the environmental processes’ controls since the beginning of the 21st century. We present a new high spatiotemporal record (2000–2019) across the Northwest Canadian Arctic, using MODIS Terra satellite imagery to determine maximum landfast ice extent (MLIE) at the start of each melt season. Average MLIE across the Northwest Canadian Arctic declined by 73% in a direct comparison between the first and last year of the study period, but this was highly variable across regional to community scales, ranging from 14% around North Banks Island to 81% in the Amundsen Gulf. The variability was largely a reflection of 5–8-year cycles between landfast ice rich and poor periods with no discernible trend in MLIE. Interannual variability over the 20-year record of MLIE extent was more constrained across open, relatively uniform, and shallower sloping coastlines such as West Banks Island, in contrast with a more varied pattern across the numerous bays, headlands, and straits enclosed within the deep Amundsen Gulf. Static physiographic controls (namely, topography and bathymetry) were found to influence MLIE change across regional sites, but no association was found with dynamic environmental controls (storm duration, mean air temperature, and freezing and thawing degree day occurrence). For example, despite an exponential increase in storm duration from 2014 to 2019 (from 30 h to 140 h or a 350% increase) across the Mackenzie Delta, MLIE extents remained relatively consistent. Mean air temperatures and freezing and thawing degree day occurrences (over 1, 3, and 12-month periods) also reflected progressive northwards warming influences over the last two decades, but none showed a statistically significant ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim |
author_facet |
Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim |
author_sort |
Eleanor E. Wratten |
title |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
physiographic controls on landfast ice variability from 20 years of maximum extents across the northwest canadian arctic |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) |
geographic |
Arctic Mackenzie Delta |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Mackenzie Delta |
genre |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 9; Pages: 2175 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2175 |
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