A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations
Arctic sea ice characteristics have been changing rapidly and significantly in the last few decades. Using a long-term time series of sea ice products from satellite observations—the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x)—trends in sea ice concentration, ice extent, ice thickness, and ice volume in...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/8/1846/ 2023-08-20T04:03:22+02:00 A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations Xuanji Wang Yinghui Liu Jeffrey R. Key Richard Dworak agris 2022-04-12 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1846 sea ice cryosphere arctic ocean arctic sea ice change arctic climate change remote sensing retrieval satellite remote sensing APP APP-x trend study Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 2023-08-01T04:44:01Z Arctic sea ice characteristics have been changing rapidly and significantly in the last few decades. Using a long-term time series of sea ice products from satellite observations—the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x)—trends in sea ice concentration, ice extent, ice thickness, and ice volume in the Arctic from 1982 to 2020 are investigated. Results show that the Arctic has become less ice-covered in all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. Arctic sea ice thickness has been decreasing at a rate of −3.24 cm per year, resulting in an approximate 52% reduction in thickness from 2.35 m in 1982 to 1.13 m in 2020. Arctic sea ice volume has been decreasing at a rate of −467.7 km3 per year, resulting in an approximate 63% reduction in volume, from 27,590.4 km3 in 1982 to 10,305.5 km3 in 2020. These trends are further examined from a new perspective, where the Arctic Ocean is classified into open water, perennial, and seasonal sea ice-covered areas based on sea ice persistence. The loss of the perennial sea ice-covered area is a major factor in the total sea ice loss in all seasons. If the current rates of sea ice changes in extent, concentration, and thickness continue, the Arctic is expected to have ice-free summers by the early 2060s. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice ice covered areas MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 14 8 1846 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
sea ice cryosphere arctic ocean arctic sea ice change arctic climate change remote sensing retrieval satellite remote sensing APP APP-x trend study |
spellingShingle |
sea ice cryosphere arctic ocean arctic sea ice change arctic climate change remote sensing retrieval satellite remote sensing APP APP-x trend study Xuanji Wang Yinghui Liu Jeffrey R. Key Richard Dworak A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
topic_facet |
sea ice cryosphere arctic ocean arctic sea ice change arctic climate change remote sensing retrieval satellite remote sensing APP APP-x trend study |
description |
Arctic sea ice characteristics have been changing rapidly and significantly in the last few decades. Using a long-term time series of sea ice products from satellite observations—the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x)—trends in sea ice concentration, ice extent, ice thickness, and ice volume in the Arctic from 1982 to 2020 are investigated. Results show that the Arctic has become less ice-covered in all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. Arctic sea ice thickness has been decreasing at a rate of −3.24 cm per year, resulting in an approximate 52% reduction in thickness from 2.35 m in 1982 to 1.13 m in 2020. Arctic sea ice volume has been decreasing at a rate of −467.7 km3 per year, resulting in an approximate 63% reduction in volume, from 27,590.4 km3 in 1982 to 10,305.5 km3 in 2020. These trends are further examined from a new perspective, where the Arctic Ocean is classified into open water, perennial, and seasonal sea ice-covered areas based on sea ice persistence. The loss of the perennial sea ice-covered area is a major factor in the total sea ice loss in all seasons. If the current rates of sea ice changes in extent, concentration, and thickness continue, the Arctic is expected to have ice-free summers by the early 2060s. |
format |
Text |
author |
Xuanji Wang Yinghui Liu Jeffrey R. Key Richard Dworak |
author_facet |
Xuanji Wang Yinghui Liu Jeffrey R. Key Richard Dworak |
author_sort |
Xuanji Wang |
title |
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
title_short |
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
title_full |
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
title_fullStr |
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations |
title_sort |
new perspective on four decades of changes in arctic sea ice from satellite observations |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice ice covered areas |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Sea ice ice covered areas |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 1846 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081846 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1846 |
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1774713732664918016 |