Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas
The sea ice in the Arctic is retreating rapidly and ocean waves may accelerate the process by interacting with sea ice. Though Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has shown great capability of imaging waves in ice, there are few attempts to retrieve the ocean wave spectrum (OWS) by SAR in ice-covered are...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/6086/ 2023-08-20T04:04:43+02:00 Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas Bingqing Huang Xiaoming Li agris 2022-11-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 6086 ocean wave synthetic aperture radar sea ice Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 2023-08-01T07:35:40Z The sea ice in the Arctic is retreating rapidly and ocean waves may accelerate the process by interacting with sea ice. Though Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has shown great capability of imaging waves in ice, there are few attempts to retrieve the ocean wave spectrum (OWS) by SAR in ice-covered areas. In this study, based on the previously developed nonlinear inversion scheme, i.e., the Max Planck Institute (MPI) scheme, and the Sentinel-1 SAR data acquired in the Barents Sea, ocean wave spectra were retrieved by using the different combinations of modulation transfer functions (MTFs) in the MPI scheme: (1) using the same MTFs as those used in open water; (2) by neglecting both the hydrodynamic and tilt modulations; (3) by neglecting the hydrodynamic modulation but involving a newly fitted tilt modulation over ice for HH-polarized SAR data. We compared the simulated SAR image spectra based on the retrievals with the observational SAR image spectra to quantify their respective performances. The comparisons suggest that neglecting hydrodynamic modulation can significantly improve the retrievals. The remaining tilt modulation can further improve the retrievals, particularly for range-travelling waves. This study enhances the understanding of the principles of SAR imaging waves in ice and provides basics for retrievals of ocean wave spectra by SAR data in ice-covered areas. Text Arctic Barents Sea Sea ice ice covered areas MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Barents Sea The Sentinel ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) Remote Sensing 14 23 6086 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
ocean wave synthetic aperture radar sea ice |
spellingShingle |
ocean wave synthetic aperture radar sea ice Bingqing Huang Xiaoming Li Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
topic_facet |
ocean wave synthetic aperture radar sea ice |
description |
The sea ice in the Arctic is retreating rapidly and ocean waves may accelerate the process by interacting with sea ice. Though Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has shown great capability of imaging waves in ice, there are few attempts to retrieve the ocean wave spectrum (OWS) by SAR in ice-covered areas. In this study, based on the previously developed nonlinear inversion scheme, i.e., the Max Planck Institute (MPI) scheme, and the Sentinel-1 SAR data acquired in the Barents Sea, ocean wave spectra were retrieved by using the different combinations of modulation transfer functions (MTFs) in the MPI scheme: (1) using the same MTFs as those used in open water; (2) by neglecting both the hydrodynamic and tilt modulations; (3) by neglecting the hydrodynamic modulation but involving a newly fitted tilt modulation over ice for HH-polarized SAR data. We compared the simulated SAR image spectra based on the retrievals with the observational SAR image spectra to quantify their respective performances. The comparisons suggest that neglecting hydrodynamic modulation can significantly improve the retrievals. The remaining tilt modulation can further improve the retrievals, particularly for range-travelling waves. This study enhances the understanding of the principles of SAR imaging waves in ice and provides basics for retrievals of ocean wave spectra by SAR data in ice-covered areas. |
format |
Text |
author |
Bingqing Huang Xiaoming Li |
author_facet |
Bingqing Huang Xiaoming Li |
author_sort |
Bingqing Huang |
title |
Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
title_short |
Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
title_full |
Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
title_fullStr |
Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Study on Retrievals of Ocean Wave Spectrum by Spaceborne SAR in Ice-Covered Areas |
title_sort |
study on retrievals of ocean wave spectrum by spaceborne sar in ice-covered areas |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) |
geographic |
Arctic Barents Sea The Sentinel |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea The Sentinel |
genre |
Arctic Barents Sea Sea ice ice covered areas |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea Sea ice ice covered areas |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 6086 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236086 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
6086 |
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1774715099737489408 |