Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies
The surface effective emissivities of Arctic sea ice are calculated using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) measurements. These emissivities are analyzed for stable winter conditions during the months of January–May and November and December of 2020 for several main sea ice types defi...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/23/5927/ 2023-08-20T04:02:28+02:00 Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies Elizaveta Zabolotskikh Sergey Azarov agris 2022-11-23 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute AI Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5927 arctic AMSR2 emissivity sea ice Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 2023-08-01T07:28:43Z The surface effective emissivities of Arctic sea ice are calculated using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) measurements. These emissivities are analyzed for stable winter conditions during the months of January–May and November and December of 2020 for several main sea ice types defined with the sea ice maps of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). The sea ice emissivities are derived from the AMSR2 data using the radiation transfer model for a non-scattering atmosphere and ERA5 reanalysis data. The emissivities are analyzed only for areas of totally consolidated sea ice of definite types. Probability distribution functions are built for the emissivities and their functions for such sea ice types as nilas, young ice, thin first-year (FY) ice, medium FY ice, thick FY ice and multi-year ice. The emissivity variations with frequency are estimated for each of the considered sea ice type for all seven months. The variations are calculated both for the emissivities and for their gradients at the AMSR2 channel frequencies. Obtained emissivities turned out to be generally lower than reported previously in scientific studies, whereas the emissivity variability values proved to be much larger than was known before. For all FY ice types, at all the frequencies, an increase in the emissivity at the beginning of winter and its decrease by the end of May are observed. The emissivity gradients demonstrate noticeable decreases with sea ice age, and their values may be used in sea ice classification algorithms based on the AMSR2 data. Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Arctic Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Antarctic Remote Sensing 14 23 5927 |
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Open Polar |
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MDPI Open Access Publishing |
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ftmdpi |
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English |
topic |
arctic AMSR2 emissivity sea ice |
spellingShingle |
arctic AMSR2 emissivity sea ice Elizaveta Zabolotskikh Sergey Azarov Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
topic_facet |
arctic AMSR2 emissivity sea ice |
description |
The surface effective emissivities of Arctic sea ice are calculated using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) measurements. These emissivities are analyzed for stable winter conditions during the months of January–May and November and December of 2020 for several main sea ice types defined with the sea ice maps of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). The sea ice emissivities are derived from the AMSR2 data using the radiation transfer model for a non-scattering atmosphere and ERA5 reanalysis data. The emissivities are analyzed only for areas of totally consolidated sea ice of definite types. Probability distribution functions are built for the emissivities and their functions for such sea ice types as nilas, young ice, thin first-year (FY) ice, medium FY ice, thick FY ice and multi-year ice. The emissivity variations with frequency are estimated for each of the considered sea ice type for all seven months. The variations are calculated both for the emissivities and for their gradients at the AMSR2 channel frequencies. Obtained emissivities turned out to be generally lower than reported previously in scientific studies, whereas the emissivity variability values proved to be much larger than was known before. For all FY ice types, at all the frequencies, an increase in the emissivity at the beginning of winter and its decrease by the end of May are observed. The emissivity gradients demonstrate noticeable decreases with sea ice age, and their values may be used in sea ice classification algorithms based on the AMSR2 data. |
format |
Text |
author |
Elizaveta Zabolotskikh Sergey Azarov |
author_facet |
Elizaveta Zabolotskikh Sergey Azarov |
author_sort |
Elizaveta Zabolotskikh |
title |
Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
title_short |
Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
title_full |
Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
title_fullStr |
Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wintertime Emissivities of the Arctic Sea Ice Types at the AMSR2 Frequencies |
title_sort |
wintertime emissivities of the arctic sea ice types at the amsr2 frequencies |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 |
op_coverage |
agris |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 23; Pages: 5927 |
op_relation |
AI Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14235927 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
23 |
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5927 |
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1774712933557731328 |