Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea
Sea ice loss and accelerated warming in the Barents Sea have recently been one of the main concerns of climate research. In this study, we investigated the trends and possible relationships between sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration (SIC), and local and large-scale atmospheric para...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/17/4413/ 2023-08-20T04:05:03+02:00 Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea Bayoumy Mohamed Frank Nilsen Ragnheid Skogseth agris 2022-09-05 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 17; Pages: 4413 Barents Sea sea ice reduction climate change interannual variability trends wind teleconnections sea ice duration season Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 2023-08-01T06:21:23Z Sea ice loss and accelerated warming in the Barents Sea have recently been one of the main concerns of climate research. In this study, we investigated the trends and possible relationships between sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration (SIC), and local and large-scale atmospheric parameters over the last 39 years (1982 to 2020). We examined the interannual and long-term spatiotemporal variability of SST and SIC by performing an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The SST warming rate from 1982 through 2020 was 0.35 ± 0.04 °C/decade and 0.40 ± 0.04 °C/decade in the ice-covered and ice-free regions, respectively. This climate warming had a significant impact on sea-ice conditions in the Barents Sea, such as a strong decline in the SIC (−6.52 ± 0.78%/decade) and a shortening of the sea-ice season by about −26.1 ± 7.5 days/decade, resulting in a 3.4-month longer summer ice-free period over the last 39 years. On the interannual and longer-term scales, the Barents Sea has shown strong coherent spatiotemporal variability in both SST and SIC. The temporal evolution of SST and SIC are strongly correlated, whereas the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) influences the spatiotemporal variability of SST and SIC. The highest spatial variability (i.e., the center of action of the first EOF mode) of SST was observed over the region bounded by the northern and southern polar fronts, which are influenced by both warm Atlantic and cold Arctic waters. The largest SIC variability was found over the northeastern Barents Sea and over the Storbanken and Olga Basin. The second EOF mode revealed a dipole structure with out-of-phase variability between the ice-covered and ice-free regions for the SST and between the Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya regions for SIC. In order to investigate the processes that generate these patterns, a correlation analysis was applied to a set of oceanic (SST) and atmospheric parameters (air temperature, zonal, and meridional wind components) and climate indices. This analysis showed ... Text Arctic Barents Sea Climate change Novaya Zemlya Sea ice Storbanken Svalbard MDPI Open Access Publishing Arctic Svalbard Barents Sea Olga Basin ENVELOPE(29.000,29.000,78.333,78.333) Storbanken ENVELOPE(33.000,33.000,78.000,78.000) Remote Sensing 14 17 4413 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Barents Sea sea ice reduction climate change interannual variability trends wind teleconnections sea ice duration season |
spellingShingle |
Barents Sea sea ice reduction climate change interannual variability trends wind teleconnections sea ice duration season Bayoumy Mohamed Frank Nilsen Ragnheid Skogseth Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
topic_facet |
Barents Sea sea ice reduction climate change interannual variability trends wind teleconnections sea ice duration season |
description |
Sea ice loss and accelerated warming in the Barents Sea have recently been one of the main concerns of climate research. In this study, we investigated the trends and possible relationships between sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration (SIC), and local and large-scale atmospheric parameters over the last 39 years (1982 to 2020). We examined the interannual and long-term spatiotemporal variability of SST and SIC by performing an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The SST warming rate from 1982 through 2020 was 0.35 ± 0.04 °C/decade and 0.40 ± 0.04 °C/decade in the ice-covered and ice-free regions, respectively. This climate warming had a significant impact on sea-ice conditions in the Barents Sea, such as a strong decline in the SIC (−6.52 ± 0.78%/decade) and a shortening of the sea-ice season by about −26.1 ± 7.5 days/decade, resulting in a 3.4-month longer summer ice-free period over the last 39 years. On the interannual and longer-term scales, the Barents Sea has shown strong coherent spatiotemporal variability in both SST and SIC. The temporal evolution of SST and SIC are strongly correlated, whereas the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) influences the spatiotemporal variability of SST and SIC. The highest spatial variability (i.e., the center of action of the first EOF mode) of SST was observed over the region bounded by the northern and southern polar fronts, which are influenced by both warm Atlantic and cold Arctic waters. The largest SIC variability was found over the northeastern Barents Sea and over the Storbanken and Olga Basin. The second EOF mode revealed a dipole structure with out-of-phase variability between the ice-covered and ice-free regions for the SST and between the Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya regions for SIC. In order to investigate the processes that generate these patterns, a correlation analysis was applied to a set of oceanic (SST) and atmospheric parameters (air temperature, zonal, and meridional wind components) and climate indices. This analysis showed ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Bayoumy Mohamed Frank Nilsen Ragnheid Skogseth |
author_facet |
Bayoumy Mohamed Frank Nilsen Ragnheid Skogseth |
author_sort |
Bayoumy Mohamed |
title |
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
title_short |
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
title_full |
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
title_fullStr |
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration in the Barents Sea |
title_sort |
interannual and decadal variability of sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration in the barents sea |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 |
op_coverage |
agris |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(29.000,29.000,78.333,78.333) ENVELOPE(33.000,33.000,78.000,78.000) |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard Barents Sea Olga Basin Storbanken |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard Barents Sea Olga Basin Storbanken |
genre |
Arctic Barents Sea Climate change Novaya Zemlya Sea ice Storbanken Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea Climate change Novaya Zemlya Sea ice Storbanken Svalbard |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 17; Pages: 4413 |
op_relation |
Ocean Remote Sensing https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174413 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
4413 |
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1774715470287470592 |