Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years
The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/12/2913/ 2023-08-20T04:08:28+02:00 Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott 2022-06-18 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 2913 Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 2023-08-01T05:25:05Z The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (SSSA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Geopotential Height anomalies (ZA), and anomalous Jet Stream positions (JSPA). Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) reveals the strongest temporal covariances between SSSA and SSTA, and JSPA and SSTA for all years, particularly for 2020 (SSSA–SSTA: 50%, JSPA–SSTA: 51%) indicating that this active MHW year was more atmospherically driven, followed by 2012, which had the second highest temporal covariances (SSSA–SSTA: 47%, JSPA–SSTA: 50%) between these parameters. Spatial correlations for SSSA and SSTA between NAO during MHW active years disrupt the long–term (2010–2020) positive relationship in the NW Atlantic. SSSA and JSPA, and SSSA and SSTA were strongly correlated across the NW Atlantic; 2012 SSSA–JSPA correlations were strong and positive between 56–62°W, and 2016, 2017, and 2020 SSSA–JSPA correlations were mostly strong and negative, with strong positive correlations present near the coastline (70–66°W) or off the NW Atlantic shelf (52–48°W). SSSA–SSTA showed the opposite correlations of similar spatial distributions of SSSA–JSPA for all MHW active years. This indicates strong relationships between JSPA, SSSA, and SSTA during MHWs. Understanding the temporal and spatial interplay between these parameters will aid in better monitoring and prediction of MHWs. Text North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic MDPI Open Access Publishing Remote Sensing 14 12 2913 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO |
spellingShingle |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
topic_facet |
Marine Heatwaves Jet Stream air–sea interaction SMOS salinity SST NAO |
description |
The Northwest (NW) Atlantic has experienced extreme ecological impacts from Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) within the past decade. This paper focuses on four MHW active years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2020) and the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Salinity anomalies (SSSA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Geopotential Height anomalies (ZA), and anomalous Jet Stream positions (JSPA). Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) reveals the strongest temporal covariances between SSSA and SSTA, and JSPA and SSTA for all years, particularly for 2020 (SSSA–SSTA: 50%, JSPA–SSTA: 51%) indicating that this active MHW year was more atmospherically driven, followed by 2012, which had the second highest temporal covariances (SSSA–SSTA: 47%, JSPA–SSTA: 50%) between these parameters. Spatial correlations for SSSA and SSTA between NAO during MHW active years disrupt the long–term (2010–2020) positive relationship in the NW Atlantic. SSSA and JSPA, and SSSA and SSTA were strongly correlated across the NW Atlantic; 2012 SSSA–JSPA correlations were strong and positive between 56–62°W, and 2016, 2017, and 2020 SSSA–JSPA correlations were mostly strong and negative, with strong positive correlations present near the coastline (70–66°W) or off the NW Atlantic shelf (52–48°W). SSSA–SSTA showed the opposite correlations of similar spatial distributions of SSSA–JSPA for all MHW active years. This indicates strong relationships between JSPA, SSSA, and SSTA during MHWs. Understanding the temporal and spatial interplay between these parameters will aid in better monitoring and prediction of MHWs. |
format |
Text |
author |
Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott |
author_facet |
Lydia D. Sims Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott |
author_sort |
Lydia D. Sims |
title |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_short |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_full |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_fullStr |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean–Atmosphere Variability in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean during Active Marine Heatwave Years |
title_sort |
ocean–atmosphere variability in the northwest atlantic ocean during active marine heatwave years |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Atlantic |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 2913 |
op_relation |
Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122913 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
2913 |
_version_ |
1774720729799983104 |