Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations
Bohai Sea ice creates obstacles for maritime navigation and offshore activities. A better understanding of ice conditions is valuable for sea-ice management. The evolution of 67 years of seasonal ice thickness in a coastal region (Yingkou) in the Northeast Bohai Sea was simulated by using a snow/ice...
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ftmdpi:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/14/1/182/ 2023-08-20T04:09:42+02:00 Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations Yuxian Ma Bin Cheng Ning Xu Shuai Yuan Honghua Shi Wenqi Shi agris 2022-01-01 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 EN eng Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 182 Bohai Sea sea-ice thickness thermodynamic ice model coastal radar interannual and seasonal variability Text 2022 ftmdpi https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 2023-08-01T03:43:31Z Bohai Sea ice creates obstacles for maritime navigation and offshore activities. A better understanding of ice conditions is valuable for sea-ice management. The evolution of 67 years of seasonal ice thickness in a coastal region (Yingkou) in the Northeast Bohai Sea was simulated by using a snow/ice thermodynamic model, using local weather-station data. The model was first validated by using seasonal ice observations from field campaigns and a coastal radar (the season of 2017/2018). The model simulated seasonal ice evolution well, particularly ice growth. We found that the winter seasonal mean air temperature in Yingkou increased by 0.33 °C/decade slightly higher than air temperature increase (0.27 °C/decade) around Bohai Sea. The decreasing wind-speed trend (0.05 m/s perdecade) was a lot weaker than that averaged (0.3 m/s per decade) between the early 1970s and 2010s around the entire Bohai Sea. The multi-decadal ice-mass balance revealed decreasing trends of the maximum and average ice thickness of 2.6 and 0.8 cm/decade, respectively. The length of the ice season was shortened by 3.7 days/decade, and ice breakup dates were advanced by 2.3 days/decade. All trends were statistically significant. The modeled seasonal maximum ice thickness is highly correlated (0.83, p < 0.001) with the Bohai Sea Ice Index (BoSI) used to quantify the severity of the Bohai Sea ice condition. The freezing-up date, however, showed a large interannual variation without a clear trend. The simulations indicated that Bohai ice thickness has grown continuously thinner since 1951/1952. The time to reach 0.15 m level ice was delayed from 3 January to 21 January, and the ending time advanced from 6 March to 19 February. There was a significant weakening of ice conditions in the 1990s, followed by some recovery in 2000s. The relationship between large-scale climate indices and ice condition suggested that the AO and NAO are strongly correlated with interannual changes in sea-ice thickness in the Yingkou region. Text Sea ice MDPI Open Access Publishing Remote Sensing 14 1 182 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftmdpi |
language |
English |
topic |
Bohai Sea sea-ice thickness thermodynamic ice model coastal radar interannual and seasonal variability |
spellingShingle |
Bohai Sea sea-ice thickness thermodynamic ice model coastal radar interannual and seasonal variability Yuxian Ma Bin Cheng Ning Xu Shuai Yuan Honghua Shi Wenqi Shi Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
topic_facet |
Bohai Sea sea-ice thickness thermodynamic ice model coastal radar interannual and seasonal variability |
description |
Bohai Sea ice creates obstacles for maritime navigation and offshore activities. A better understanding of ice conditions is valuable for sea-ice management. The evolution of 67 years of seasonal ice thickness in a coastal region (Yingkou) in the Northeast Bohai Sea was simulated by using a snow/ice thermodynamic model, using local weather-station data. The model was first validated by using seasonal ice observations from field campaigns and a coastal radar (the season of 2017/2018). The model simulated seasonal ice evolution well, particularly ice growth. We found that the winter seasonal mean air temperature in Yingkou increased by 0.33 °C/decade slightly higher than air temperature increase (0.27 °C/decade) around Bohai Sea. The decreasing wind-speed trend (0.05 m/s perdecade) was a lot weaker than that averaged (0.3 m/s per decade) between the early 1970s and 2010s around the entire Bohai Sea. The multi-decadal ice-mass balance revealed decreasing trends of the maximum and average ice thickness of 2.6 and 0.8 cm/decade, respectively. The length of the ice season was shortened by 3.7 days/decade, and ice breakup dates were advanced by 2.3 days/decade. All trends were statistically significant. The modeled seasonal maximum ice thickness is highly correlated (0.83, p < 0.001) with the Bohai Sea Ice Index (BoSI) used to quantify the severity of the Bohai Sea ice condition. The freezing-up date, however, showed a large interannual variation without a clear trend. The simulations indicated that Bohai ice thickness has grown continuously thinner since 1951/1952. The time to reach 0.15 m level ice was delayed from 3 January to 21 January, and the ending time advanced from 6 March to 19 February. There was a significant weakening of ice conditions in the 1990s, followed by some recovery in 2000s. The relationship between large-scale climate indices and ice condition suggested that the AO and NAO are strongly correlated with interannual changes in sea-ice thickness in the Yingkou region. |
format |
Text |
author |
Yuxian Ma Bin Cheng Ning Xu Shuai Yuan Honghua Shi Wenqi Shi |
author_facet |
Yuxian Ma Bin Cheng Ning Xu Shuai Yuan Honghua Shi Wenqi Shi |
author_sort |
Yuxian Ma |
title |
Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
title_short |
Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
title_full |
Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
title_fullStr |
Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-Term Ice Conditions in Yingkou, a Coastal Region Northeast of the Bohai Sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: Modeling and Observations |
title_sort |
long-term ice conditions in yingkou, a coastal region northeast of the bohai sea, between 1951/1952 and 2017/2018: modeling and observations |
publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 |
op_coverage |
agris |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 182 |
op_relation |
Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010182 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
182 |
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1774723339036655616 |